Federal regulations require that refuge alternatives (RAs) be located within 305 m (1,000 ft) of the working face and spaced at one-hour travel distances in the outby area in underground coal mines, in the event that miners cannot escape during a disaster. The Mine Safety and Health Administration mandates that RAs provide safe shelter and livable conditions for a minimum of 96 hours while main...

Copper-mine tailings are the residual products after the extraction of precious copper metal from copper ores, and their storage can create numerous environmental problems. Many researchers have used copper-mine tailings for the preparation of geopolymers. This paper studies the enhancement of the cementitious activity of copper-mine tailings in geopolymer systems. First, copper-mine tailings a...

in the present study, an investigation was carried out on parvadeh coal mine in tabas, iran, to survey the effect of fractures on unusual methane gas emission in coal mines. this coal mine was chosen for investigating because of its high methane gas content in the coal body and available data from sensors in desired locations. gas concentration monitoring programs were carried out at the mine s...

Abstract– A mine ventilation system is an important component of an underground mining system. It provides a sufficient quantity of air to maintain a suitable working environment. Therefore, the mine ventilation system should be kept at a highly reliable level and also be maintained at a very reliable level during the whole service time of the coal mine. However, in reality, failures of a mine ...

The United States is trending away from traditional mine rescue contest training toward hands-on skills training that focuses on being better prepared for an actual mine emergency response. New technologies and engaging training exercises are providing more realistic experiences to mine rescue teams. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in partnership with LightsOn...

The complex pattern of mines made by leafminers is postulated to hinder the host-searching behaviour of parasitoids, and if this is true, parasitoids should have evolved strategies of searching mines in a way that will achieve the highest efficiency. We investigated the possible deterrent effect of mine pattern complexity on a parasitoid searching for a host within a patch, and the searching be...

Conventional mine site investigation has difficulties in fostering location awareness and understanding the subsurface environment; moreover, it produces a large amount of hardcopy data. To overcome these limitations, the UMineAR mobile tablet application was developed. It enables users to rapidly identify underground mine objects (drifts, entrances, boreholes, hazards) and intuitively visualiz...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of copper extraction on the structure and function of rangelands ecosystem around the mine area in Dareh Zereshk, Yazd province, Iran. Three study sites were considered at the specified intervals of the mine (0-200, 200-500 and 500-1000m). This research was conducted from 2012 to 2013. In each location, three linear transects with a length of 50 m...

Because insect herbivores generally suffer from high mortality due to their natural enemies, reducing the risk of being located by natural enemies is of critical importance for them, forcing them to develop a variety of defensive measures. Larvae of leaf-mining insects lead a sedentary life inside a leaf and make conspicuous feeding tracks called mines, exposing themselves to the potential risk...

Mining usually causes severe anthropogenic changes by which the groundor surface water might be significantly polluted. One of the main problems in the mining industry are acid mine drainage, the drainage of heavy metals, and the prediction of mine water rebound after mine closure. Therefore, the knowledge about the hydraulic behaviour of the mine water within the flooded mine might significant...