Strategic alliances are commonplace in the high-technology sector. Biotechnology is a context in which this organizational arrangement has been particularly signi cant; hundreds of biotech alliances are established each year and these deals have become the primary source of nancing for the young rms in the industry. We posit that the stock of prior alliances between participants in the biotech ...

IMPORTANCE Surgical disease is a global health priority, and improving surgical care requires local capacity building. Single-institution partnerships and surgical missions are logistically limited. The Alliance for Global Clinical Training (hereafter the Alliance) is a consortium of US surgical departments that aims to provide continuous educational support at the Muhimbili University of Healt...

The Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention is led by a group of physicians from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Kampala, Uganda-based Makerere University. The project began in June 2001 with an initial grant from Pfizer Inc. for the construction of the Infectious Diseases Institute, an HIV clinic, in Kampala. The alliance is primarily academic in nature, integr...

This summary presents findings from an operations research study to assess the outcomes of the Antiretroviral Community Education and Referral (ACER) Project in two urban areas in Zambia—Lusaka and Ndola. The ACER project was implemented by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, based in England, and the Alliance’s Zambia office, in conjunction with local Zambian partners. Launched in mid-2004, t...

At the end of 2021, Russia mobilised over a hundred thousand soldiers along its border with Ukraine constituting permanent threat to and concern for West whole world. On February 24, 2022, initiated military intervention in Ukraine. The Kremlin has decided reconstitute lines former USSR (Union Soviet Socialist Republics) spheres influence Central Eastern Europe.
 After Cold War, Russia, nu...

The air environmental pollutants exhausted by China have attracted the attention from the world, especially the neighboring countries including Japan. Japan has put forward a conceived model named Air Pollution Prevention Alliance between Japan and China. This article analyzes the background and causations of air environmental pollution problems in China, and the efforts that Chinese government...