The objective of this research is the analysis of pedestrians behaviour along entire trips in urban road networks, with focus on their interaction with the traffic and the road environment while crossing roads. For this purpose, a special field survey was designed and carried out, which involved the recording of pedestrians road crossing behaviour along entire trips in real time by means of cam...

This article investigates the implications of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which reached full-fledged implementation in 2005, for the patenting activity of Indian biopharmaceutical companies. The Indian biopharmaceutical industry is well-known for its generic producers, whose business models capitalize on the opportunity to reverse-engineer pat...

This paper examined the day-to-day variability of the journey-to-work trips, including the departure time, route choice, and trip chaining behavior, using GPS-based disaggregate morning commute data of 56 drivers during a one-week period. Data were collected from the ongoing instrumented vehicle projects in Atlanta sponsored by NHTSA and FHWA. The paper examines alternate measurements of the da...

Models of cinema demand have tended to employ aggregate data and focus on price and income as key variables. Surprisingly, the effects of travel time and location have not been formally investigated. The authors do so, following developments in the environmental economics literature, by presenting estimates of individual travel cost models for multiplex and nonmultiplex cinemas. A key finding i...

As discussed in earlier chapters, the global regime of IPRs protection strengthened dramatically in the 1990s, primarily through TRIPs but also through unilateral initiatives and intellectual property chapters in regional trade agreements. I presented the legal structure of TRIPs in chapter 2, and defined the concepts in chapter 3 in order to set the stage for the positive economic analysis of ...

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have become ubiquitous in the current debate and have emerged as the key issue of global innovation policy. The ‘Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights’ (TRIPS), signed on 1994 as a founding element of the World Trade Organization, represent the most important attempt to establish a global harmonization of Intellectual Property protection. The ...

The Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations in April 1994 and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 1995, raised many questions regarding India’s participation in the world trade, its integration with the world economy and the likely costs and benefits from this integration. In the light of this, the present paper tries to access India’s patenting activities in relation...

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between hybrid classes (where a per cent of the class meetings are online) and transportation-related CO2 emissions at a commuter campus similar to San José State University (SJSU). Design/methodology/approach – A computermodelwas developed to calculate the number of trips to campus for a student body similar to SJSU. Different scenarios...

Seabirds fly considerable distances during the breeding season in search for food for themselves and their young. Variation in the distance from the breeding colony to the offshore food resources is expected to impact the energy spent on foraging trips. In 2005-06 and 2006-07 we studied foraging behaviour, derived time budgets during foraging trips (commuting, hunting or drifting on the sea sur...

There is a growing body of research documenting the benefits of outdoor adventure and wilderness-based programs with a variety of special populations. Criticisms of this body of research are that it is not grounded in theory and it is outcome-based, with no investigation into the processes causing the behavior change in individuals. This study attempted to investigate the processes that occurre...