The roots of the majority of tree species are associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The absorptive roots of tree species also vary widely in their diameter. The linkages between root thickness, mycorrhiza type and nutrient foraging are poorly understood. We conducted a large root ingrowth experiment in the field to investigate how absorptive roots of ...

Motivation: Millions of genes in the modern species belong to only thousands of gene families. Genes duplicate and are lost during evolution. A gene family includes instances of the same gene in different species and duplicate genes in the same species. Two genes in different species are ortholog if their common ancestor lies in the most recent common ancestor of the species. Because of complex...

Phylogenies are branching diagrams that show the history of life. A phylogeny shows the ancestral relationships among a set of species. Any two species have some common ancestor. At a speciation event their common ancestor diverged into two different species, evolving independently of each other beyond this point. When describing the history of a collection of species, these ancestral relations...

We describe a method for estimating species trees that relies on replicated subsampling of large data matrices. One application of this method is phylogeographic research, which has long depended on large datasets that sample intensively from the geographic range of the focal species; these datasets allow systematicists to identify cryptic diversity and understand how contemporary and historica...

Most research on the carbon content of trees has focused on temperate tree species with little information existing for tropical tree species. Questions remain regarding how much carbon can be sequestered by various tree species and in different forest climatic zones. This study was designed to investigate the variation in carbon content of selected tropical tree species and compare the carbon ...

Genomes and genes diversify during evolution; however, it is unclear to what extent genes still retain the relationship among species. Model species for molecular phylogenetic studies include yeasts and viruses whose genomes were sequenced as well as plants that have the fossil-supported true phylogenetic trees available. In this study, we generated single gene trees of seven yeast species as w...

knowledge of the physiological characteristic of tree and shrubs species and their adaptability to environmental factors is an important issue in species selecting for tree planting projects in water scarcity regions. therefore, this investigation try to examine the chlorophyll content and stomatal conductivity in various species of trees and shrubs. the effects of environmental factors are als...

The vast majority of phylogenetic models focus on resolution of gene trees, despite the fact that phylogenies of species in which gene trees are embedded are of primary interest. We analyze a Bayesian model for estimating species trees that accounts for the stochastic variation expected for gene trees from multiple unlinked loci sampled from a single species history after a coalescent process. ...