no doubt, given the direct impact of information technology on reducing costs, increasing welfare, economic growth and increasing of employment, have the importance of expanding it’s no secret in iran. the facilities influenced by the growing use of information technology, on the one hand, due to the reduction of urban and inter-urban journeys, reduce air pollution and on the other hand, provid...

Transportation planners, policymakers, urban designers, and activists have expended considerable effort over the past few decades promoting walking as one of several alternatives to driving. More recently, the public health benefit of a physically active population, including a population that walks more often, has become another reason to encourage walking. Amongst all of this excitement about...

This study was initiated to characterize urban and peri-urban sheep production systems and their economic importance in and around the towns of Debre Berhan and Dessie, Ethiopia. The study was undertaken using group discussions, structured questionnaire and personal observations. In both locations the majority of sheep producers were male household heads and predominantly traders in urban and f...

conclusions efforts to improve vaccination coverage should be taken into account regarding the differences in the factors that contribute to the incomplete vaccination status of children in the rural and urban areas. the current study findings indicate that vaccination services especially in the urban areas need to be reassessed to ensure that all children are covered. to develop and promote ch...

this article wants to propose this theory that farm corporations are agropolitan development models in iran. as over-concentrating investments to the urban areas did not lead to a trickledown effect to the rural areas. to the extreme, there are ideas to minimize linkages with the urban economy, and to make the rural areas pursue self-sufficiency by maximizing its potentials. however, against th...

BACKGROUND The configuration of rural health services is influenced by geography. Rural health practitioners provide a broader range of services to smaller populations scattered over wider areas or more difficult terrain than their urban counterparts. This has implications for training and quality assurance of outcomes. This exploratory study describes the development of a "clinical peripherali...

nowadays, with population growth in urban areas, providing safe water and health is considered basic needs of human, alongside the various pollutants due to urban activities, agriculture and industrial areas on adjacent ranges into urban water resources around the environment is such that study necessary to prevent the pollution of water resources and identification of pollution sources shows. ...

Travel times in urban road networks are highly stochastic. However, most existing travel time estimation methods only estimate the mean travel times, while ignoring travel time variances. To this end, this paper proposes a robust travel time distribution estimation method to estimate both the mean and variance of travel times by using emerging low-frequency floating car data. Different from the...

Abstract In 2013, UN-HABITAT provided the City Prosperity Index (CPI) to evaluate policies and guide urban decision-makers. Quality of life is one of the five dimensions of urban prosperity, which is one of the newest theories in the field of urban planning. The concept of urban quality of life has been invigorated in the wake of social welfare and social justice schools. In Iran, from the past...

The epidemiology of malaria in urban environments is poorly characterized, yet increasingly problematic. We conducted an unmatched case-control study of risk factors for malarial anemia with high parasitemia in urban Kisumu, Kenya, from June 2002 through February 2003. Cases (n = 80) were hospital patients with a hemoglobin level < or = 8 g/dL and a Plasmodium parasite density > or = 10,000/mic...