Explanations are essential in the teaching process. Tracers are one possibility to provide students with explanations in an intelligent tutoring system. Their development can be divided into four steps: the definition of the trace model, the extraction of the information from this model, the analysis and abstraction of the extracted information and the visualization of the result of the analysi...

The profile of chemical potential of benzene fluid has been investigated using Anisotropic United Atom (AUA) model. A Monte Carlo simulation in canonical ensemble was done to obtain the isotherm of benzene fluid, from which the excess part of chemical potential was calculated. A surge of potential energy is observed during the simulation at high temperature which is related to the gas-liquid ph...

Finding diverse solutions has become important in many combinatorial search domains, including Automated Planning, Path Planning and Constraint Programming. Much of the work in these directions has however focussed on coming up with appropriate diversity metrics and compiling those metrics in to the solvers/planners. Most approaches use linear-time greedy algorithms for exploring the state spac...

BACKGROUND Ankle sprains are one of the most frequent injuries of the musculoskeletal system, with yearly around 680.000 new sprains in The Netherlands. Of these, about 130.000 people will visit the general practitioner (GP) each year. In addition, patients have an increased risk of a recurrent ankle sprain and about a third report at least one re-sprain. No optimal treatment strategy has prove...

Sir, The relationship between cumulative relapses and unremitting progressive disability is highly relevant to clinical practice and to randomized controlled trial design. Neuropathological studies unmentioned by Andersen (2010) have not been able to confirm the widespread belief that severe disability accumulates as a result of successive exacerbations. DeLuca et al. (2006), examining one of t...

Human observers often experience strongly negative impressions of human-like objects falling within a particular range of visual similarity to real humans ('uncanny valley' phenomenon). We hypothesized that negative impressions in the uncanny valley phenomenon are related to a difficulty in object categorization. We produced stimulus images by morphing each two of real, stuffed and cartoon huma...

In eukaryotic cells, most proteins destined for membrane insertion or secretion are first processed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Nascent polypeptide chains, synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes, enter the ER lumen at specialized sites in the ER membrane called translocons, which are complexes of several ER membrane proteins that associate to form a pore (Schnell and Herbert, 2003). Sec61...

Formation of the fi rst compartment of the Golgi apparatus involves recognition events between several different membranes. These include tethering of both anterograde COPII vesicles and retrograde COPI vesicles to the cis-Golgi. In addition, intermediate compartment structures that formed in the cell periphery fuse with the cis-Golgi membranes after movement to the cell center, and Golgi stack...

Inflammatory-mediated demyelination of the central nervous system with well-recognized axonal injury has been described for over a hundred years. Yet, many pathologic aspects of multiple sclerosis remain poorly understood (Noseworthy et al., 2000). Clinically, a high proportion of patients with relapsing–remitting disease advance to the secondary progressive stage of the disease (Lublin and Rei...

Sir,—Intermittent jets of oxygen may be used to ventilate patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy with a Venturi injector or by flushing oxygen directly through a small-bore endotracheal tube as we have used in 10 adult patients (table I). The patients were premedicated with pethidine 75 mg and atropine 0.6 mg and anaesthesia was induced with propanidid 250-500 mg followed by suxamethonium 100 mg...