The paper begins suggesting a possible framework to classify the different approaches to modify the transport layer (namely, the TCP) over satellite channels. In one case, the satellite network is considered as a black box (Black Box BB approach). Each modification is performed within the end terminals. In the other case, the satellite network is completely known and the transport layer paramet...

Reliable data transport in wireless sensor networks is a multifaceted problem influenced by the physical, MAC, network, and transport layers. Because sensor networks are subject to strict resource constraints and are deployed by single organizations, they encourage revisiting traditional layering and are less bound by standardized placement of services such as reliability. This paper presents a...

In this article, liquid moisture transport behaviors of dual-layer electrospun nanofibrous mats are reported for the first time. The dual-layer mats consist of a thick layer of hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with a thin layer of hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) nanofibers with and without interpenetrating nanopores, respectively. The mats are coated with polydopamine (PDOPA) to diff...

Many multicast applications have stringent time constraints, and require a data delivery guarantee. Currently, all existing reliable multicast protocols are at the transport layer. A cell discarded by a switch causes the loss of the entire packet, and eventually requires the whole packet to be retransmitted. Therefore, a small congestion problem could potentially escalate to a more serious one,...

We introduced a new approach to deposit perovskite layer with no need for dissolving perovskite precursors. Deposition of Solution-free perovskite (SFP) layer is a key method for deposition of perovskite layer on the hole or electron transport layers that are strongly sensitive to perovskite precursors. Using deposition of SFP layer in the perovskite solar cells would extend possibility of usin...

A re®ned three-dimensional layer-integrated model to predict accurately salt and cohesive sediment transport in estuarine waters is described herein. A splitting algorithm has been used to split the three-dimensional transport equation into a horizontal twodimensional equation and a vertical one-dimensional equation due to the di€erent length scales. An additional source term associated with th...

We investigate the electrostatic transport of charged dust in the photoelectron layer over the dayside surface of an asteroid. Micronsized dust particles may be levitated above the surface in the photoelectron layer. Horizontal transport within the layer can then lead to net deposition of dust into shadowed regions where the electric field due to the photoelectron layer disappears. We apply a 2...

A theory is presented for the mass transport induced by a small-amplitude progressive wave propagating in water over a thin layer of viscoelastic mud modelled as a Voigt medium. Based on a sharp contrast in length scales near the bed, the boundary-layer approximation is applied to the Navier–Stokes equations in Lagrangian form, which are then solved for the first-order oscillatory motions in th...

SNARE proteins are required for fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. Previously, we found that the yeast Q-SNARE Vti1p is involved in transport to the cis-Golgi, to the prevacuole/late endosome, and to the vacuole. Here we identified a previously uncharacterized gene, VTS1, and the R-SNARE YKT6 both as multicopy and as low copy suppressors of the growth and vacuolar transport def...