Large deployment of distribute energy resources and the increasing awareness end-users towards their procurement are challenging current practices electricity markets. A change paradigm, from a top-down hierarchical approach to more decentralized framework, has been recently researched, with market structures relying on multi-bilateral trades among participants. In order guarantee feasibility i...

In this country development of electrical power system particular for transmission line expansion and interconnection of neighbouring power system try to improve system security and economic operation. Due to this province in large scale power system, operation , control and expansion planning for particular system become challenging task to reduce transmission loss as minimum as possible for o...

An underground coal mine medium frequency (MF) communication system generally couples its electromagnetic signals to a long conductor in a tunnel, which acts as a transmission line, and exchanges signals with transceivers along the line. The propagation characteristics of the transmission line, which is usually the longest signal path for an MF communication system, play a major role in determi...