Many modern microelectronic chips contain embedded memory arrays. A typical memory bit-cell contains several transistors. Failure of a single transistor or contact within a bit cell makes the entire bit cell inoperable. A dual-beam Focused Ion Beam (FIB) tool combines milling capability with in situ Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging, which is very useful for identifying the root cause ...

We describe the radiation damage in chromium nitride and chromium oxynitride films which occurs by electron beam radiation within the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The beam damage has been monitored by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in TEM image mode using a 200 kV Philips CM20 (S)TEM with a LaB6-cathode, equipped with a Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF). The CrN samples (CrN and C...

Electron microscopy uses high-energy elec tron beams to probe the structure and chem istry of both inorganic and biological materi als. The short wavelength (A) of electrons permits higher resolution images than light microscopes. This was a major motive in the early development of the transmission elec tron microscope (TEM) by Knoll and Ruska (1932) in Berlin, and atomic resolution is now rout...

1. Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O.Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA 2. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA 3. Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA 4. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,...

The properties of transition-metal oxides are related to the presence of elements with mixed valences, such as Mn and Co. Spatial mapping of the valence-state distribution of transition-metal elements is a challenge to existing microscopy techniques. In this letter, using the valence-state information provided by the white lines observed in electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission el...

The interest in nucleoporins originates from their identification as constituents of nuclear pores. The latter are visible as prominent annuli in the electron microscope (Callan et al., 1949). Comprehensive studies carried out in the 1950s led to these general conclusions: i) all nuclear envelope (NE) have pores, and ii) irrespective of species or cell type, the pore complexes show similarities...

in the present study, we have reported the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous leaf extract prepared by hot percolation treatment of wheat varities (pbw343, triticum durum and aegilops tauschii )for the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. bioreduction of ag+ to ag0 was observed when aqueous extract augmented with silver nitrate (agno3) was incubated ...

Ba-doped CeO(2) nanowires were obtained from CeO(2) particles through a facile composite-hydroxide-mediated (CHM) route. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The formation process of the product was discussed. Humidity ...

Recent progress with environmental cell and microscope design has enabled in situ imaging studies within gaseous environments inside the (scanning) transmission electron microscope ((S)TEM) to become increasingly routine [1-2]. In contrast, complementary elemental information is more challenging to obtain in situ. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been reported inside an environmenta...

The yolk sac of human embryos from the 5th to 7th week of gestation was first revealed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with complementary observations under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The inner and outer surfaces of the human yolk sac basically showed profiles similar to those of other mammalian yolk sacs reported by previous workers. The free surface of the endode...