Professional translators are among the heaviest users of dictionaries, terminological resources, encyclopedias and other reference material. The resources they employ (e.g. Termium, Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique, IATE , the Robert-Collins bilingual dictionary) tend to be proprietary and have very tightly controlled editing policies. Typically, their content can only be edited by highly qual...

The purpose of this special section is to describe culturally competent approaches for working with translators or interpreters who participate in transcultural studies. This article provides background for three exemplars of lessons learned in working with translators in transcultural studies: (a) the resettlement transition experiences of women from the Dinka tribe of Southern Sudan (Baird), ...

This paper investigates the behaviour of ten professional translators when performing translation tasks with and without translation suggestions, and with and without translation metadata. The measured performances are then compared with the translators’ perceptions of their performances. The variables that are taken into consideration are time, edits and errors. Keystroke logging and screen re...

In syntax translation between languages, the advantage of using a single internal language as a translation mediator is a reduction of the total number of translators required. To achieve bi-directional translation between n languages requires n(n − 1) translators without a central mediator, as opposed to 2(n + 1) translators using an internal language. Our goal is to simplify syntax translatio...

introduction: bnign laryngeal lesions are relatively commonly occurring problems which are often noted after changes in voice. since they are non-invasive and yield objective easy-to-collect data, acoustic laboratory methods are used along with perceptual assessments for evaluation of voice. studying acoustic characteristics is useful in diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders.  with regard ...

only wavelength translation is higher than that when TSI is introduced, either alone or in addition to the wavelength translation. However, for one-and two-hop paths, the observed blocking probability with wavelength translation alone is below that obtained with TSI, and above the blocking probability for the corresponding paths in networks without either wavelength translation or TSI. Similarl...