Many avian behavior patterns, such as breeding, migration and territoriality, are correlated with changes in hormone levels. Elevated levels of corticosterone, an adrenal steroid hormone, are associated with increased foraging and increased activity levels in birds. Young birds about to take their first flight may benefit from elevated plasma corticosterone levels that facilitate locomotor acti...

Let X be an N -parameter additive Lévy process in IR with Lévy exponent (Ψ1, · · · ,ΨN ) and let λd denote Lebesgue measure in IR . We show that E{λd(X(IR+ ))} > 0 ⇐⇒ ∫ IR N ∏ j=1 Re ( 1 1 + Ψj(ξ) ) dξ < ∞. This was previously proved by Khoshnevisan, Xiao and Zhong [1] under a sector condition.

The research topic of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) fixed wing (VFW) is gaining significant attention, particularly in the transition phase from to vice versa. One latest most challenging strategies bird mode, where vertical horizontal carried out simultaneously, mimicking behavior birds. condition that rarely considered when taking off ground effect. Under natural conditions, a effect b...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prior cycling on EMG activity of selected lower leg muscles during running. Ten elite level triathletes underwent two testing sessions at race pace: a 40 km cycle followed by a 2 km run (CR) and a 10 km run followed by a 2 km run (RR). EMG data from selected lower limb muscles were collected at three sections of each run (0 km, 1 km and 2 km)...

The TRACER instrument (Transition Radiation Array for Cosmic Energetic Radiation) is designed to measure the individual energy spectra of cosmic ray nuclei in long duration balloon flights. The large geometric factor of TRACER (5 m 2 sr) permits statistically significant measurements at particle energies well beyond 10 14 eV. TRACER identifies individual cosmic ray nuclei with single element re...

Flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) have the capability of performing various flight modes like birds and insects. Therefore, it is necessary to understand FWMAVs in order fully utilize vehicle. The unique can be studied through trajectory optimization. This paper proposes a optimization framework an FWMAV. A high-fidelity simulation model included sufficiently consider complicated dynami...

This paper describes an operational concept for airline operations centers (AOC) to implement desired arrival sequences and spacing over an en route arrival merge fix and reports the results of an initial field-test. The operational concept is termed Airline Based En route Sequencing and Spacing (ABESS). ABESS allows the AOC to set up arrival flows for transition into advanced flight procedures...