Passengers, transit managers, adjacent businesses and residents, and local governments all can have strong, and sometimes conflicting, ideas about what makes a good transit stop or station. This paper examines stops and stations from the transit agency’s perspective; transit managers must consider both the logistical and political factors inherent to transit operations as well as the perspectiv...

Users of mass transit systems such as those of buses and trains normally rely on accurate route maps, stop locations, and service schedules when traveling. If the route map, service schedule, or stop location has errors it can reduce the transit agency’s ridership. In this paper, the problem of deriving transit systems by mining raw GPS data is studied. Specifically, we propose and evaluate nov...

This paper analyzes the recent trend in bicycle-transit integration in the U.S. It reviews data from the National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS) to show the characteristics of bicycle-transit integrated trips, where the integrators were from, and to which population groups the integrators belonged. Bicycle-transit integration was increasingly observed in commuters and younger travelers, and be...

Public transit is immensely important among recent immigrants for enabling daily travel and activity participation. The objectives of this study are to examine whether settle in areas high or low accessibility how affects mode share. This analyzed via a novel comparison two gateway cities: Sydney, Australia Toronto, Canada. We find that both cities, have greater levels public jobs, on average, ...

This paper deals with pricing and modal split in a competitive mass transit/highway system with heterogeneous commuters. Two groups of commuters that di€er in their disutility from travel time, schedule delay and transit crowding, select the transit or auto mode for traveling from a residential area to a workplace. We compare three pricing schemes: the marginal cost-based transit fare with no-t...

A novel temporal correlation technique was used to map the first-pass transit of iodinated contrast agents through the brain. Transit profiles after bolus injections were measured with dynamic computed tomography (CT) scanning (1 image/s over 50 s). A rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia (n = 6) was used, and dynamic CT scans were performed at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postocclusion. Within th...

Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

This paper studies externalities of nationally determined cost-sharing systems, in particular coinsurance rates (patients pay a percentage of the price), under pharmaceutical parallel trade, i.e. trade outside the manufacturer’s authorized distribution channel, in a two-country model with a vertical distributor relationship. Parallel trade generates a price-decreasing competition e¤ect in the d...