A generally relativistic theory of thermodynamics is developed, based on four main physical principles: heat is a local form of energy, therefore described by a thermal energy tensor; conservation of heat, or the local first law, equivalent to conservation of mass; entropy is a local current; and non-destruction of entropy, or the local second law. A fluid is defined by the thermostatic energy ...

To ensure personal safety and improve treatment efficiency in laser medical applications, one of the most important issues is to understand and accurately assess laser-induced thermal damage to biological tissues. Biological tissues generally consist of nonhomogeneous inner structures, in which heat flux equilibrates to the imposed temperature gradient via a thermal relaxation mechanism which c...

We perform non-equilibrium simulations to study heat conduction in two-dimensional strongly coupled dusty plasmas. Temperature gradients are established by heating one part of the otherwise equilibrium system to a higher temperature. Heat conductivity is measured directly from the stationary temperature profile and heat flux. Particular attention is paid to the influence of damping effect on th...

Burgers equation is a simplified form of the Navier-Stokes equation that represents the non-linear features of it. In this paper, the transient two-dimensional non-linear Burgers equation is solved using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The results are compared with the Modified Local Crank-Nicolson method (MLCN) and exact solutions. The LBM has been emerged as a new numerical method for sol...

Developing green and sustainable cooling strategies is the key to reducing energy consumption carbon emission for energy-intensive facilities, particularly data centers. One clean strategy geothermal cooling, in which ground used as an infinite year-round stable heat sink. Heat rejection can be achieved by circulating water a closed loop between number of underground reservoirs computer room ai...

Inverse heat conduction problems (IHCPs) appear in many important scientific and technological fields. Hence analysis, design, implementation and testing of inverse algorithms are also of great scientific and technological interest. The numerical simulation of 2-D and 3-D inverse (or even direct) problems involves a considerable amount of computation. Therefore, the investigation and exploitati...

The problem of calculating transient heat transfer in concrete floor slabs is complicated due to ground coupling, which can require the numerical solution of two or three-dimensional transient conduction equations. This paper presents a simplified method for calculating transient slab-on-ground heat transfer that can be incorporated within hourly simulation programs. The method assumes that the...