The main objective of this study was production, optimization, and fuel quality characterization biodiesel from equal weight ratio blended acid oil cottonseed sunflower soapstock using silica sulfuric as a solid catalyst in laboratory scale. physicochemical properties soap stock samples extracted each were determined. experiment designed by design expert (version 11) software. 5-level 4-factors...

Oxidative esterification of benzylic alcohols with a catalytic amount of HBr-H2O2 in aqueous medium under mild conditions is reported with a wide range of substrate scope for both benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. The conditions are also suitable for selective mono-esterification of ethylene glycol and glycerol. With catalytic amounts of HBr (20 mol%) and H2O2, the generation of reactive interme...

Recent investigations have shown the oxone-mediated oxidative methyl esterification of benzaldehyde derivatives using methanol. The reactions were accelerated in the presence of indium(III) triflate, a trivalent indium reagent, in many cases. Based on this method of methyl esterification of benzaldehyde derivatives, we further explored an application to heterocyclic aldehydes. The reactions wer...

Research on renewable fuel energy sources and the use of catalysts in increasing their production has always been an interesting topic this era towards industry 5.0. This is because world's needs are every year, especially during industrial revolution. It requires more other types to convert. Based that need, alternative abundant were needed. One form source biodiesel. Biodiesel environmentally...

Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) are used as novel and high-efficiency coupling reagents for the esterification of alcohols with carboxylic acids via the TPPO/(COCl)2 system at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction represents the first TPPO-promoted esterification under mild and neutral conditions with excellent yields. Furthermore, we proposed a plausible mechanis...