Aggressive behaviour and musth are constant problems in captive and sometimes in free-ranging African elephant bulls. Aggressive bulls are difficult and musth bulls almost impossible to manage without severely restricting their movement either by leg-chaining or using tranquillisers. This study investigated the relationship between faecal androgen metabolites (FAM) and faecal cortisol metabolit...

We describe here a rapid and comprehensive screening method for 40 commonly used sedatives and tranquilizers with use of gas-liquid chromatography. Barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and tranquilizers of the phenothiazine, benzodiazepine, and dibenzazepine type can be both identified and measured in serum. A simple solvent extraction at different pH values, with subsequent solvent partitio...

In human beings, susceptibility to anxiety disorders can be relatively high during adolescence. Understanding the ontogeny of anxiety-like behavior in laboratory rodents has implications for developing anxiolytic drugs that are suitable for this age group. Given the dearth of information about adolescent rodents, this study examined the response of both male and female adolescent, late adolesce...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Long and short sleep have been associated with increased mortality. We assessed mortality and 3 aspects of sleep behavior in a large cohort with 22-year follow-up. DESIGN/SETTING Prospective, population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS 21,268 twins aged > or =18 years responding to questionnaires administered to the Finnish Twin Cohort in 1975 (response rate 89%), and 1981 ...

Background. Youth populations are vulnerable to substance use particularly in developing countries where circumstances may be favorable for it. There is no published data on substance use among the youth in Sudan other than on tobacco use. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, circumstances, and factors associated with substance use. Methods. An institution-based ...

Serum lipids and Jipoprotein levels were determined in 35 schizophrenics treated with Phenothiazine, 30 with butyrophenone and 22 with both drugs for six to twelve months. Total cholesterol, VLD L — cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in patients on phenothiazine and LDL cholesterol in patients on butyrophenone. VLD L and LD L — cholesterol levels were significant...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of negative mood states in adolescents according to gender, to analyze variability among schools, and to evaluate the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a cluster design was carried out. We administered the High-school students health survey to a sample of 9,340 students (aged 14-16 years) in the third and fourth year of Compulsory S...

21, 1996. Reprint requests: Dr. Partinen, Haaga Centre for Neurologic Research and Rehabilitation, M1dkipellontie 15, FIN-00320 Helsincki Finland In a recent study by Young et al,' 2% of women and 4% of men in the middle-aged workforce met the diagnostic criteria for OSAS. Currently various therapeutic approaches for the management of OSAS are available. Conservative management consists of weig...

Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are the chemicals having the versatile medicinal values. These are the type of psychotropic drug, that is, they concern the mind and can amend frame of mind. Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and are subsequently used therapeutically as anxiolytics, tranquilizers, hypnotics, anticonvulsants in epilepsy and centrally ...

background: the challenge of antiepileptic drugs (aeds) management is to attain the best compromise between the desire to maximize seizure control and the need to keep side‑effects within tolerable limits for the individual patient. to reduce devastation in iranian epileptic patients, the aim of this study was to explore the overall outcome following aeds prescription. methods: a cross‑sectiona...