Count models such as negative binomial (NB) regression models are normally employed to establish a relationship between area-wide traffic crashes and the contributing factors. Since crash data are collected with reference to location measured as points in space, spatial dependence exists among the area-level crash observations. Although NB models can take account of the effect of unobserved het...

In October 2005, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to mark the third Sunday in November each year as World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims to honor persons killed or injured in road crashes, recognize their families and communities, and pay tribute to the emergency crews, police, and medical professionals who deal with the traumatic aftermath of road deaths an...

OBJECTIVE To compare associations of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine abuse and traffic crash risk for "at fault" crashes and all crashes. DESIGN A historical cohort study. SETTING Toronto, Ontario. Patients or subjects: Subjects beginning treatment at the Centre for Addictions and Mental Health (CAMH) in 1994 for abuse of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and all combinations of these substances (...

OBJECTIVE To examine the public health messages conveyed by newspaper coverage of fatal motor vehicle crashes and determine the extent to which press coverage accurately reflects real risks and crash trends. METHODS Crash details were extracted from two years of newspaper coverage of fatal crashes in four Midwestern cities in the United States. Details and causal factors identified by reporte...

INTRODUCTION The study aims at identifying traffic/highway design/driver-vehicle information significantly related with fatal/severe crashes on urban arterials for different crash types. Since the data used in this study are observational (i.e., collected outside the purview of a designed experiment), an information discovery approach is adopted for this study. METHOD Random Forests, which ar...

OBJECTIVES Adolescents are over-represented in injury statistics. New Zealand is privileged in having a hospital discharge database allowing for analysis of non-fatal injury data at a national level. An epidemiological description of adolescent injury morbidity is provided and options for prevention are discussed. METHOD People aged 15-19 years admitted to hospital for their injuries in the p...

OBJECTIVE To predict the burden caused by fatal road traffic injuries from 2015 to 2030. METHODS We searched the websites of United Nations Population Division,United States Department of Agriculture, World Health Organization, China Energy Research Foundation and other agencies to obtain the predictive values of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urbanization, motorization and educatio...

in comparison to other transportation modes, riding motorcycle is prone to accidents.  motorcyclists are more exposed to physical injury than the car drivers. many multi-vehicle motorcycles crashes occur, there is right-of-way violation takes place in which another vehicle turns in fronts of a motorcycle, or a sudden cross of path of an on-coming motorcycle. one main factor which leads to high ...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries are among the leading causes of death in the world and Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the role of age, sex, education, and time of accident on human casualties and mortalities of road crashes in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was based on data gathered by Iranian Police Department from the records of road crashes from April 4, 2...

The application of behavior analysis to reduce injuries and deaths resulting from motor vehide crashes is not a new idea. Behavior analysis has been used with much success to promote vehide safety belt use (e.g., Geller, 1988; Streff& Geller, 1986), and increasing vehide safety belt use has been shown to reduce dramatically the trauma inflicted on crash-involved vehide occupants (Streff, Wagena...