STUDY DESIGN Best evidence synthesis. OBJECTIVE To undertake a best evidence synthesis on the burden and determinants of whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) after traffic collisions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous best evidence synthesis on WAD has noted a lack of evidence regarding incidence of and risk factors for WAD. Therefore there was a warrant of a reanalyze of this body of rese...

Vehicular safety applications, such as cooperative collision warning systems, rely on beaconing to provide situational awareness that is needed to predict and therefore to avoid possible collisions. Beaconing is the continual exchange of vehicle motion-state information, such as position, speed, and heading, which enables each vehicle to track its neighboring vehicles in real time. This work pr...

Recognizing the significant effort underway to integrate UAV operations in the NAS, a preliminary hazard analysis was conducted for two critical hazards of UAV operation. Models were developed to describe UAV ground impact and midair collisions. Under several assumptions, a model of ground impact was used to calculate the UAV system reliability required to meet a target level of safety, for dif...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of the introduction of 20 mph (32 km an hour) traffic speed zones on road collisions, injuries, and fatalities in London. DESIGN Observational study based on analysis of geographically coded police data on road casualties, 1986-2006. Analyses were made of longitudinal changes in counts of road injuries within each of 119 029 road segments with at least one cas...

The main objective of this research is to expand upon the link between network flow (mobility) and safety through the estimation of Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFD) and Structural Equation Models (SEM) with different levels of disruptions caused by different surrounding driving conditions. Analysis begins with the aggregation of microscopic level loop detector data and collision data prov...

Individuals who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience adverse effects relating to driving; additionally, they experience deficits in scanning ability. The present study examined the effects of ADHD on eye tracking while driving. This study consisted of ten participants, of which, five have ADHD. It was hypothesized that individuals who have ADHD will make more saccadic...

In wireless communication there is commonly much unnecessary communication made in directions not pointing towards the recipient. Normally omni directional antennas are being used which sends the same amount of energy in all directions equally. This waste of energy reduces the lifetime of battery powered units and causes more traffic collisions than necessary. One way of minimizing this wasted ...

Rear-end collisions would occur if vehicle speeds decrease abruptly when encountering kinematic waves (KWs) emanating from active bottlenecks. This study aims to develop a control strategy in variable speed limits (VSL) to reduce rear-end collision risks near recurrent bottlenecks. Using the crash prediction model developed for rear-end collisions related to risky KWs, the effectiveness of VSL ...

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of motor vehicle-bicycle crashes using 4 years of reported crash data (2004-2007) in Beijing. The interrelationship of irregular maneuvers, crash patterns and bicyclist injury severity are investigated by controlling for a variety of risk factors related to bicyclist demographics, roadway geometric design, road environment, etc. Results show that ...

Binary exponential backoff (BEB) is a decades -old algorithm for coordinating access to shared channel. In modern networks, BEB plays crucial role in WiFi and other wireless communication standards. Despite this track record, well-known theoretical results indicate that under bursty traffic, yields poor makespan, superior algorithms are possible. To date, the degree which these findings impact ...