We introduce the notion of a matron M = ⊕Mn,m whose submodules ⊕Mn,1 and ⊕M1,m are non-Σ operads. We construct a functor from PROP to matrons and its inverse, the universal enveloping functor. We define the free matron H∞, generated by a singleton in each bidegree (m, n) 6= (1, 1), and define an A∞-bialgebra as an algebra over H∞. We realize H∞ as the cellular chains of polytopes KKn,m, among w...

In this study, the modified rice bran was tested to remove Pb(II) from water. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of the modified rice bran for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic parameters, kinetics, pH effect, and desorbability were examined. The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the modif...

Diabetes is among one of the most prevalent chronic disease where diet has a major role to play. Khichdi is a nutritious traditional food most commonly consumed in India. Khichdi contains goodness of both cereal and pulses. Cereal proteins are generally deficient in lysine and pulses (legumes) contain low amount of methionine. However, when both cereals and pulses (legumes) are present in the d...

With the growing recognition of the possibility of global climate change, an increasing emphasis on world food security in general and its regional impacts in particular have come to forefront of the scientific community. Agriculture production of rainfed regions is expected to suffer severe water crisis due to delayed monsoon, uneven distribution of rain as a result of climate change. The impa...

The objective of this study has been to evaluate the stability of alpha-, (gamma+beta)-, and delta-tocopherols in rice bran oil chemically refined submitted to heating in a heater without air circulation and shielded from light, at temperatures of 100 degrees C and 180 degrees C. The collection of samples took place after 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 336, and 432 h of heating and were stored in amber...

To obtain higher yields, farmers may excessively use pesticides when they grow crops (like rice, vegetables, or fruit), causing moral hazard behavior. This paper examines how Chinese farmers’ moral hazard behavior in crop production is influenced by their traditional culture. A semi-parametric logistic model is used to investigate the impact of Chinese traditional culture on farmers’ moral haza...

Expression levels of the NAC gene family were studied in rice infected with Rice dwarf virus (RDV), Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV), Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), and Rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV). Microarray analysis showed that 75 (68%) OsNAC genes were differentially regulated during infection with RDV, RBSDV, RGSV, and RRSV compared with th...

We examined how traditional farmers preserve the genetic diversity of a local common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which is locally referred to as "paddy field carp" (PF-carp), in a "globally important agricultural heritage system" (GIAHS), i.e., the 1,200-y-old rice-fish coculture system in Zhejiang Province, China. Our molecular and morphological analysis showed that the PF-carp has changed into a ...

Rice Bran Protein Fractions (RBPFs) albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin were extracted from untreated and parboiled rice bran and their comparative studies were made for the yield, protein content, bulk densities, water absorption capacities, Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI), emulsion property and least gelation concentration. The maximum yield of the protein fractions were obtained in parb...