Communication technologies are commonplace in modern society. For many years there were only a handful of communication technologies provided by large companies, namely the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and mobile telephony; these can be referred to as traditional communication technologies. Over the lifetime of traditional communication technologies has been little technological evo...

The visible light communication (VLC) by LED is one of the important methods because can work as high speed and VLC sends information flushing LED. We use pulse wave modulation for with be controlled easily microcontroller, which has digital output pins. At modulation, deciding low voltage middle when receiving signal level amplified equal to it threshold without amplification. In this paper, w...

Objective: In addition to issues such as environment, transportation, safely and urban planning, one of the most important factors  having increasingly influence on urban organizing factors is urban management. Methods: There are so many issues in cities that for its solving, urban management factor is necessary. complexity and  extensiveness of urban issue and its  development and growth, led ...

Objective: In addition to issues such as environment, transportation, safely and urban planning, one of the most important factors  having increasingly influence on urban organizing factors is urban management. Methods: There are so many issues in cities that for its solving, urban management factor is necessary. complexity and  extensiveness of urban issue and its  development and growth, led ...

The question we investigate is how to obtain PLC applications with confidence in their proper functioning. Especially, we are interested in the contribution that formal methods can provide for their development. Our maxim is that the place of a particular formal method in the total picture of system development should be made very clear. Developers and customers ought to understand very well wh...

grid computing is a term referring to the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains to reach a common computational platform. mobile computing is a generic word that introduces using of movable, handheld devices with wireless communication, for processing data. mobile computing focused on providing access to data, information, services and communications anywhere an...