Abstract: This introduction surveys the evidence on the linkages between globalization and poverty, drawing on fifteen papers prepared for an NBER project under my direction. We focus on two measures of globalization: trade integration (measured using tariffs or trade flows), and international capital flows. Many economists have used the Heckscher-Ohlin framework in international trade to argue...

Background Negotiations surrounding the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade and investment agreement have recently concluded. Although trade and investment agreements, part of a broader shift to global economic integration, have been argued to be vital to improved economic growth, health, and general welfare, these agreements have increasingly come under scrutiny for their direct and indirect...

Why can subsidies lead to lower welfare? Intuitively, autarky is one extreme or corner solution and we have seen that some trade must be beneficial. This does not imply that free trade is optimal (it is beneficial); but subsidies lead to larger volumes of trade than free trade and thus may lead to declines in welfare. In other words, the fact that welfare is increasing in trade flows in some do...

The link between trade and income has received increasing attention as countries try to justify their trade-promoting policies. Recent work of Frankel and Romer (1999) examines the effect of trade on income. We explore how the estimates of the trade effect change when we relax the assumption of heteroscedasticity in the bilateral trade equation used to construct the instrument for the IV regres...

The paper considers the sustainable trade credit and inventory policies with demand related to credit period and the environmental sensitivity of consumers under the carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax regulations. First, the decision models are constructed under three cases: without regulation, carbon cap-and-trade regulation, and carbon tax regulation. The optimal solutions of the retailer in...

one of the basic tenets in recent international trade literature is about the effect of trade integration on business cycle synchronization (bcs) among trading countries. the objective of this paper is to explore the main determinants of business cycle synchronization, with emphasis on trade integration. to this end, we have specified two simultaneous regression equations which were estimated b...