Under increasingly stringent environmental regulations, inadequate green input levels from manufacturers may lead to substandard emissions and production shutdown, which further results in the disruption risk of supply chain. This work investigates a chain (GSC) consisting one environmentally regulated manufacturer capital-constrained retailer who faces stochastic market demand. The needs make ...

Delayed payment (trade credit) and prepayment are widely observed forms of interfirm credit. We propose a simple theory to account for the prevalence of such credit. A downstream firm trades off inventory holding costs against lost sales. Lost final sales impose a negative externality on the upstream firm. The solution requires a subsidy limited by the value of inputs. Allowing the downstream f...

A deterministic inventory model with two levels of storage (own warehouse and rented warehouse) with non-instantaneous deteriorating items is studied. The supplier offers the retailer a trade credit period to settle the amount. Different scenarios based on the deterioration and the trade credit period have been considered. In this article, we have framed two models considering single warehouse ...

Technology evaluation has played a crucial role in selecting and supporting companies with innovative technology. Previous studies have focused on developing technology evaluation methods such as scorecard. However, technology credit rating is rarely applied, despite its convenient usage for technology financing. In this paper, we propose a technology credit rating system, called cross matrix, ...

Building on the Mauer and Sarker (2005) model that captures both investment flexibility and optimal capital structure and risky debt, we study the impact of debt financing constraints on firm value, the optimal timing of investment and other important variables like the credit spreads. The importance of debt financing constraints on firm value and investment policy depends largely on the relati...

Taking listed companies in heavy polluting industries China from 2012 to 2018 as research samples, this paper examines the impact of corporate environmental performance on credit financing capacity. The results show that good contributes improvement capacity, which is embodied more new loans, lower loan rates, longer maturities, and less possibility mortgage guarantee requirements.

This EIF Working Paper takes a holistic approach to investigate SME financing patterns in Europe by performing a cluster analysis including 12,726 SMEs in 28 European countries. The results reveal that SME financing in Europe is not homogenous but that different financing patterns exist. The cluster analysis identifies six distinct SME financing types: mixed-financed SMEs, statesubsidised SMEs,...