We believe that head-pelvic skeletal traction was first attempted in 1958 by one of us (A. R. H.). With the description of the “halo” skull traction apparatus by Perry and Nickel (1959), a method was provided for immobilising the unstable cervical spine. From this developed “halo-femoral” traction, now used by some surgeons for the correction of spinal deformities before and after operation. Ho...

Treatment of rigid and severe spinal deformities is challenging and risky. Preoperative halo-gravity traction can be used to progressively reduce the deformity before spinal fusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of halo-gravity traction for the correction of severe spinal deformities. Fifteen patients were reviewed retrospectively. Their mean age at the beginning of tr...

Traction forces exerted by adherent cells on their microenvironment can mediate many critical cellular functions. Accurate quantification of these forces is essential for mechanistic understanding of mechanotransduction. However, most existing methods of quantifying cellular forces are limited to single cells in isolation, whereas most physiological processes are inherently multi-cellular in na...

INTRODUCTION It is estimated that about 80% of the general population occasionally experience spinal pain, with as many as 50% reporting pain in the cervical spine. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment of cervical spine pain with the Saunders traction device and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) by assessing their impact on the cervical spine ra...

conclusions bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is very rare. the excessive traction force during closed reduction may lead to nerve palsy. clear documentation of neurovascular status and adequate imaging before and after a reduction should be performed. introduction unilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is one of the most common problems encountered in orthopedic practice. however, simu...

Electric traction trains are huge non-linear single-phase loads influencing adversely on power quality parameters on the grid side. Hybrid power quality conditioner (HPQC) has been utilized to compensate current unbalance, harmonics, and low power factor in the co-phase traction system simultaneously. By incrementing the traction load, the rating of the HPQC increases and may constraints its ap...