There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades. This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity among Cryptosporidium spp. A review of the biologic species concept, the International Code of Zoological Nomen...

What drives humans around the world to converge in certain ways in their naming while diverging dramatically in others? We studied how naming patterns are constrained by investigating whether labeling of human locomotion reflects the biomechanical discontinuity between walking and running gaits. Similarity judgments of a student locomoting on a treadmill at different slopes and speeds revealed ...

Word age-of-acquisition (AoA) affects reading. The mapping hypothesis predicts AoA effects when input-output mappings are arbitrary. In Spanish, the orthography-to-phonology mappings required for word naming are consistent; therefore, no AoA effects are expected. Nevertheless, AoA effects have been found, motivating the present investigation of how AoA can affect reading in Spanish. Four experi...

This fMRI study explores how nonlinguistic cues modulate lexical activation in the bilingual brain. We examined the influence of face race on bilingual language production in a picture-naming paradigm. Chinese-English bilinguals were presented with pictures of objects and images of faces (Asian or Caucasian). Participants named the picture in their first or second language (Chinese or English) ...

Naming and discovery are two critical issues of a widearea network computing system. The rising popularity of wide-area systems have resulted in the development of a variety of naming and discovery systems that are centered on a “descriptive” paradigm, where resources and services are described by a set of attribute-value tuples. This paper presents new evidence to suggest that descriptive nami...

In this paper we examine the naming consistency problems in distributed systems that support object replication. We deene the meaning of naming consistency in these systems and observe that it is possible to have inconsistency in naming and yet have a consistent replicas of the object. It is also argued that the naming consistency is tightly coupled with the replica consistency protocols. We ex...