Congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS), though rare, is important because the mortality and morbidity rates are high in infants. Especially, associated congenital heart disease (CHD) in these infants may compound the effects of airway pathology. A 3-week-old patient with long-segmental tracheal stenosis below an anomalous right-upper lobe (RUL) bronchus had undergone a total correction of double ou...

We read with great interest the article of Anton-Pacheco et al. [1] in which they analyzed 19 cases with congenital tracheal stenosis. This single center study consisted of different groups of patients, classified to the severity and length of the tracheal stenosis. The authors described three different surgical techniques with an overall mortality rate of 21%. The rate of mortality in Anton-Pa...

Tracheoinnominate artery fistula is known as a potentially fatal complication for patients who depend on tracheostomy or tracheoesophageal diversion. Since the bleeding from a TIF is often difficult to control, preventative procedures are recommended to avoid this complication. An 11-year-old girl with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and scoliosis developed tracheal stenosis caused by compressi...