Zinc is an essential biological trace element. It is required for the structure or function of over 300 proteins, and it is increasingly recognized for its role in cell signaling. However, high concentrations of zinc have cytotoxic effects, and overexposure to zinc can cause pain and inflammation through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that zinc excites nociceptive somatosensory neurons and ca...

Metallothionein is a copper- and zinc-binding protein present in most, if not all, tissues of higher eukaryotic species of animals. This review focuses on what is currently known about the characteristics, detection, occurrence, synthesis and turnover of metallothionein, specifically in livestock animals. The function of metallothionein in copper and zinc metabolism, though widely acknowledged,...

Geochemical markers are being increasingly applied to fundamental questions in population and community ecology in marine habitats because they allow inferences on individuals dispersal, but vital effects, small sample size and instrumental limitation are still challenging particularly in deep-sea studies. Here we use shells of the deep-sea bivalve Idas modiolaeformis to assess potential effect...

Determining seafood geographic origin is critical for controlling its quality and safeguarding the interest of consumers. Here, we use trace element fingerprinting (TEF) of bivalve shells to discriminate the geographic origin of specimens. Barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) were quantified in cockle shells (Cerastoderma edule) captured with two fishing met...

Asynchronous automata are a model of communication processes with a distributed control structure, global initializations and global accepting conditions. The well-known theorem of Zielonka states that they recognize exactly the class of regular Mazurkiewicz trace languages. In this paper we study the particular case of distributed asynchronous automata, which require that the initializations a...

This paper is comprised of two related parts. First we discuss which k-graph algebras have faithful traces. We characterise the existence of a faithful semifinite lowersemicontinuous gauge-invariant trace on C∗(Λ) in terms of the existence of a faithful graph trace on Λ. Second, for k-graphs with faithful gauge invariant trace, we construct a smooth (k,∞)summable semifinite spectral triple. We ...

In this note self-adjoint realizations of second order elliptic differential expressions with non-local Robin boundary conditions on a domain Ω ⊂ Rn with smooth compact boundary are studied. A Schatten–von Neumann type estimate for the singular values of the difference of the mth powers of the resolvents of two Robin realizations is obtained, and for m > n 2 − 1 it is shown that the resolvent p...

A class of orthonormal polynomials with asymptotically N -periodic recurrence coefficients (APN class) is studied. These have an essential spectral measure supported on at most disjoint intervals. By the same approach, for APN, following two problems are solved: to extend trace formula and find asymptotics Turán’s determinant orthogonal several