The main purpose of this paper is to provide a novel account for Wh-Concord in Okinawan based on the Copy Theory of Movement and Distributed Morphology. We propose that Wh-Concord interrogatives and Japanese-type wh-interrogatives have exactly the same derivation in the syntactic component: the Q-particle ga, base-generated as adjoined to a wh-phrase, undergoes movement to the clause-final posi...

Accounts that specify semantic and/or syntactic complexity as the primary determinant of the order in which children acquire particular words or grammatical constructions have been highly influential in the literature on question acquisition. One explanation of wh-question acquisition in particular suggests that the order in which English speaking children acquire wh-questions is determined by ...

The present paper reports an analysis of correct wh-question production and subject-auxiliary inversion errors in one child's early wh-question data (age 2;3.4 to 4;10.23). It is argued that two current movement rule accounts (DeVilliers, 1991; Valian, Lasser & Mandelbaum, 1992) cannot explain the patterning of early wh-questions. However, the data can be explained in terms of the child's knowl...

This paper is concerned with invariance (F1,F2)-scrambled sets under iterations. The main results are an extension of the compound invariance of Li–Yorke chaos and distributional chaos. New definitions of (F1,F2)-scrambled sets in non-autonomous discrete systems are given. For a positive integer k, the properties P(k) and Q(k) of Furstenberg families are introduced. It is shown that, for any po...

Wh-exclamatives are usually considered degree constructions (e.g., Zanuttini & Portner 2003, Castroviejo 2008, Rett 2008). However, Japanese possesses what I call negative wh-expressives, which unrelated to degree. argue that unlike typical wh-exclamatives, wh-expressive sentences express a speaker’s attitude, and their compositional system is similar of an interrogative sentence except for...

We apply techniques of natural language processing to support the creation of special scrambled sentences that allow only specific word orders. The scrambled sentences are useful for students to practice their knowledge about grammars. It takes two steps to create a test item for scrambled-sentence tests. We create a set of grammatical alternative sentences from the target sentence, and make su...

A new monoclonal antibody (termed WH-1; isotype IgG2b) was established using a homogenate of dissected guinea pig cochleas (N = 60) as immunogen. Western blotting and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) identified the WH-1 antigen as a protein or glycoprotein with M(r) approximately 40 kDa. Immunoperoxidase treatment of histologic cryosections of guinea pig coch...

Our previous findings regarding the biological activities of small peptides revealed that a di-peptide, Trp-His (WH), could play a role in the prevention of vascular lesions, including cell proliferation and atherosclerosis. Its vasoprotective effects could be associated with suppression of the vasocontraction signaling cascade, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains obscure. In this study, we...