BACKGROUND Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal plant which has long been used in Ayurvedic medicines to augment brain function and to improve memory. The purpose of our study was to identify and evaluate possible toxic effects of B. monnieri extract in rats by assessing hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. METHODS Acute oral toxicity of Bacopa monnieri extract was studied ...

Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is used in folk medicine for abdomeninal cramps, glands, liver, stomach and throat cancer, carcinomata, impostumes of the uterus, aperient, astringent, laxative purgative and vermifuge, burns, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples and glandular tumors. Hippophae rhamniodes (Elaeagnaceae) is used for nutri...

Immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are unique, multimolecular structures formed by encapsulating antigens, lipids, and triterpene saponins of plant origin, and are an effective delivery system for various kinds of antigens. The uses of ISCOMs formulated with saponins from plants collected in Kazakhstan, with antigens from the poultry coccidian parasite Eimeria tenella, were evaluated for thei...

Background: Because in today's societies, not only the nutritional role of plants and fungi is very high, but also the main basis of many drugs are plants and plant products, therefore one of the problems of clinical toxicologists is the toxicity of these products. Objective: This study aimed to define the prevalence, symptoms, complications, effective treatments, type of substance use, the c...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA fragments that play important roles in controlled gene silencing, thus regulating many biological processes in plants. Recent studies have indicated that plants modulate miRNAs to sustain their survival in response to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as biotic stresses, cold, drought, nutritional starvation, and toxic heavy metals. Cesium and radio-cesiu...

salinity affects plant growth by the osmotic stress of salt around the roots as well as by toxicity caused by excessive accumulation of salt in leaves. the study of photosynthetic traits as a rapid and non-destructive tool demonstrates the great potential for improving plant productivity and stress tolerance. a pot experiment was carried out to investigate short-term effects of osmotic stress (...

Since food plants are mixtures of large numbers of chemical compounds and since any substance is toxic in a high enough dose, it is not surprising that natural food plants are toxic under certain conditions. Toxicity from common natural foods has resulted from long-term consumption of a single food item or from short periods of consumption of foods containing unusually high levels of a toxic su...

Medicinal plants (e.g. Discaria americana) have been used by populations for centuries. However, popular use is not enough to validate these plants as safe and effective medicinal products. The present study sought to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity as well as the anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of D. americana root bark and aerial parts extracts in mice. In acute toxicity studi...

Establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant roots can affect plant physiological and morphological characteristics and may induce tolerance to heavy metals in plants grown in polluted soils; therefore, it can play an important role in phytoremediation. In present study, to investigate the effect of mycorrhizae on alfalfa growth and Pb uptake, a factorial experiment was designed w...

Faba bean plants (Vicia faba) showed remarkable resistant to wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani pv. Phaseoli when watered with a mixture of heavy metal at a concentration 10mg/L. However the use of Zn, Pb alone slightly increases the susceptibility of bean plants to Fusarium wilt. Plants exposed to Cd or Cu treatment accelerate the symptoms appearance in infected plant. The toxicity of a si...