The question posed in this paper is: How useful are chemical concentration measurements for predicting the outcome of sediment toxicity tests? Using matched data on sediment toxicity and sediment chemical concentrations from a number of studies, we investigated several approaches for predicting toxicity based on multiple logistic regression with concentration-addition models. Three models were ...

The shrimp Leander tenuicornis is abundant in southeastern Queensland intertidal marsh pools and was chosen as an indicator species for toxicological studies with pesticides. Acute toxicity to this crustacean of temephos and 3 pesticide compounds under evaluation for registration in Australia (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, s-methoprene, and pyriproxyfen) was tested in 96-h laboratory...

Purpose: To determine the anti-aging activity and toxicity doses of phytooxyresveratrol extracted from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Methods: Artocarpus lakoocha 100 g was extracted with 2 ml of 95 % ethanol to obtain phytooxyresveratrol (POV). Total phenolic content, as well as free radical scavenging and anti-glycation activities of POV were characterized in order to assess its anti-aging propert...

Surface sediment samples were collected from the Canon River mouth, Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAHs concentrations varied from 337 to 1,252 ng/g dry weight, with a mean concentration of 827 ng/g dry weight. The spatial distribution of PAHs reveals that the PAHs concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward...

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants. To understand the mechanisms of tolerance and resistance to Cd, we treated the rootless, submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. with sub-micromolar concentrations of Cd under environmentally relevant conditions. X-ray fluorescence measurements revealed changing distribution patterns of Cd and Zn at non-toxic (0.2 nM, 2 nM), moderat...

The effects of highly toxic and nontoxic spores of Stachybotrys atra were investigated in mice after six intranasal administrations of 1 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(3) spores in phosphate-buffered saline during a 3-week period. Toxic spores contained the trichothecene mycotoxins, satratoxins G and H, as well as the immunosuppressant stachybotrylactones and -lactams. No trichothecenes were detected in th...

Toxicological hazard and risk assessment until today largely rely on animal toxicity data. Animal toxicity tests are performed to identify the toxic effects that a chemical can induce (hazard identification) and to determine the toxic potency, i.e. the quantitative relationship between external exposure level (administered dose, environmental concentration) and the incidence and severity of tox...

Stress and toxicity of four biologically important transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) on phytoplankton in Godavari River (a tropical freshwater system) were studied to understand the fate of phytoplankton of freshwater if it receives metal contaminated water imposed by these four metals. Shift in community structure of phytoplankton and their different tolerance levels for different metals w...

Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical which is recently used to replace the potentially toxic Bisphenol A (BPA) in making polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal receipt papers. The probable toxic effects of BPS on the functions of haemopoietic and cardiovascular systems have not been reported till to date. We report here that BPS depresses haematological functions and induces ca...

The water-soluble fractions of three crude and two refined oils reduced the growth rate and maximum cell density of the marine bacterium Serratia marinorubra grown in batch culture. The weathering of a crude and a refined oil was simulated in the laboratory. The water-soluble fractions remaining from this process were more toxic to S. marinorubra than were the parent unweathered oils. Increases...