Abstract Nickel-based alloys have excellent mechanical properties and are widely used in the aviation aerospace industries. However, high-speed cutting of nickel-based has characteristics high force, temperature, low tool life. Tools with performance important for high-quality machining inner-base colleges universities. Many scholars begun to discuss use gradient functional materials nanocompos...

Materials with stimuli-switchable properties are widespread in nature. Through biomimicry, stimuli-responsive hydrogels have received increasing research recent years. In particular, stimuli-tunable mechanical provide an important platform for designing new materials specific applications such as 3D printing, soft robot, and tunable adhesion. Herein, the state-of-the-art of toughness is reviewe...

Assuming that the energy dissipation decreases inversely with distance from the crack tip, the increase in steady-state toughness of a transformation-toughened ceramic is estimated to be AJ = (AJ,/w) In (1 + w), where (i) AJo denotes the toughness increment which would be expected for a given zone height h , assuming full transformation throughout the zone, and (ii) w is a nondimensional parame...