Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor whose adverse effects have been attributed to a reduction in the calibre and/or number of small arteries and arterioles, resulting in increased peripheral vascular resistance. Peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output are determinants of the mean blood pressure. These indices refer to steady-state phenomena, i.e. pressure and flow are conside...

The cardiovascular effects of thiopentone 3 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.3 mg kg-1 were observed during induction of anaesthesia in 16 premedicated patients about to undergo myocardial revascularization. There were no significant changes in either group in cardiac output or central venous pressure. The heart rate in both groups showed an increase at 3 min and thereafter returned to control values. A...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to validate the Omron HEM-907 blood pressure (BP) measuring device according to the international validation protocol. DESIGN The international validation protocol is divided into two phases: the first phase is performed on 15 selected subjects and if the device passes this phase, 18 more subjects are selected making a total number of 33 subjects on which ...

We compared the integrated cardiovascular and autonomic responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia to test the hypothesis that these stimuli differentially affect muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) discharge patterns and cardiovagal and sympathetic baroreflex function in a manner related to ventilatory chemoreflex sensitivity. Six males and six females underwent 5 min of hypoxia (end-tidal Po2 ...

If characteristic muscle properties such as myocardial viscosity and/or shortening deactivation influence left ventricular ejection in the whole heart, the slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation should be a function of both the contractile state and the loading mode. Thus, the load dependence of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation was examined using isolated, ...

OBJECTIVES Capillary refill time is an important diagnostic adjunct in the acute resuscitation phase of the shocked child. This study assesses its relation to commonly measured haemodynamic parameters in the postresuscitation phase when the child has reached the intensive care unit, and compares this with core-peripheral temperature gap. METHODS Ninety standardised measurements of capillary r...

The venodilating action of nipradilol was investigated by monitoring arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR) and central venous pressure (CVP) in pithed rats treated with dihydroergotamine (DHE). DHE increased CVP and produced a simultaneous rise in BP and CO without appreciable changes in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and HR, indicating that DHE reduces venous ca...

To determine hemodynamic and morphological changes in the stomach of portal hypertensive rats, male WKA rats were given CCl4 subcutaneously in order to induce liver cirrhosis. The portal venous pressure of cirrhotic rats was significantly higher (17.7 cm H2O) than that of controls (10.5 cm H2O). Mucosal blood flow of the stomach in the portal hypertensive rat was increased (+ 46%) compared with...

Hemodynamic variables were measured in 20 young pigs; thirteen received subcutaneous implantations of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) impregnated in Silastic strips, seven received implants of Silastic strips alone and served as controls. No salt was added to the standard diet of either group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) rose in a regular pattern in the DOCA-treated pigs, reaching on the a...

In 14 subiects with severe cardiogenic shock the characteristic findings before treatment were hypotension, low cardiac output, and increased central venous pressure, with normal values for total peripheral resistance. Oliguria, lactic acidosis, hypocapnia. and hypoxemia also were present. These changes were interpreted as reflecting acute heart failure in association with a peripheral vascular...