 Normally, the real-world inventory control problems are imprecisely defined and human interventions are often required to solve these decision-making problems. In this paper, a realistic inventory model with imprecise inventory costs have been formulated for deteriorating items under trade credit policy within the economic production quantity (EPQ) framework. We assume that the supplier would...

Thermoeconomic models, which combine the concept of cost in the field of economics and the concept of exergy in the field of thermodynamics, provide a possibility of optimizing complex energy-generating systems to achieve a best balance between thermodynamic efficiency and economic cost (including investment cost and operation cost). For the first time, operation optimization on a 300 MW coal-f...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the costs of diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in Tanzania. DESIGN Costs estimated from the reported and recorded experience of patients with newly presenting diabetes in 1989-90 and of diabetic patients first seen in 1981-2. SETTING Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam. SUBJECTS 464 patients (315 men and 149 women). 262 patients diagnosed during 1 September 198...

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient costs were analyzed for combat Veterans injured in Iraq and Afghanistan from 2001 to 2008. Patients had serious lower-limb injuries (n = 170) or unilateral (n = 460) or bilateral (n = 153) lower-limb amputation(s). Total costs over the follow-up period (2003 to 2012) and annual costs were analyzed. Unadjusted mean costs per year in 2012 U.S. dollar...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to estimate the total annual societal cost of uterine fibroid tumors in the United States, based on direct and indirect costs that include associated obstetric complications. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of the literature was conducted to estimate the number of women who seek treatment for symptomatic fibroid tumors annually, the costs of medical an...

This paper investigates the economic order quantity (EOQ) — based inventory model for a retailer under two levels of trade credit to reflect the supply chain management situation in the fuzzy sense. It is assumed that the retailer maintains a powerful position and can obtain the full trade credit offered by the supplier yet the retailer just offers a partial trade credit to customers. The deman...

The single-vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory system has been an object of study for a long time, but little is known about the effect of investing in reducing ordering cost on the integrated inventory models with backorder price discount and variable lead time. The purpose of this article is to investigate in the continuous review model with backorder price discount and variab...