So far, extremely efficient metabolic pathways for nitrogen removal exclusively by autotrophic organisms are well established in scientific literature but not in practice. This paper presents results from the successful implementation of rejection water deammonification in a full-scale single sludge system at the WWTP Strass, Austria. Anaerobic ammonia oxidising biomass has been accumulated dur...

We study the new geometric flow that was introduced in [11] that evolves a pair of map and (domain) metric in such a way that it changes appropriate initial data into branched minimal immersions. In the present paper we focus on the existence theory as well as the issue of uniqueness of solutions. We establish that a (weak) solution exists for as long as the metrics remain in a bounded region o...

De-Ionized (DI) water is ubiquitous within the Fab. Purity and consistency of DI is critical to manufacturing process. Urea is a known contaminant that is difficult to control and has large seasonal fluctuations. Normally stable at room temperature, Urea has a high conversion rate to Ammonia when boiled. DI water is often converted to steam and then injected into cleanroom air to control humidi...

Based on current trends, this paper predicts that a monopoly will emerge that owns our personal data in the cloud, and discusses ramifications of loss of privacy and fair-market competition in the software industry. We argue that a technically superior alternative would give ownership of the data back to the individuals based on a distributed, egalitarian design with open interfaces that allow ...

This is a historical survey that includes a progress report on the 1971 seminal paper of Pearcy and Topping and 32 years of subsequent investigations by a number of researchers culminating in a completely general characterization, for arbitrary ideal pairs, of their commutator ideal in terms of arithmetic means. This characterization has applications to the study of generalized traces, linear f...

The high speed blendor or mixer has become an indispensible instrument in many biological laboratories. Since it was originally designed as a household appliance, no attention was given to the normally harmless aerosol which is created during its operation, nor was any minor leakage from the bearing considered to be important. However, when the blendor is used to cut up highly infectious tissue...

tics are described in this paper. We show that anisotropic diffusion can be seen as a robust estimation procedure that estimates a piecewise smooth image from a noisy input image. The “edge-~topping~’ function in the anisotropic diffusion equation is closely related to the error norm and influence function in the robust estimation framework. This connection leads to a new “edge-stopping’’ funct...

patients examined in this study were taking cholinesterase inhibitors and 22% took memantine. Without strong empirical data, clinical judgmentmust rule.DavidKnopman,MD, a professor of neurology at theMayoClinic in Rochester, Minnesota, usually opts to continue cholinesterase inhibitors for patients withdementiawho liveathomebecausehe doesn’t want to run the risk of precipitating decline.But if ...

The effects of field strength and multiple thermal treatments on electrical conductivity of strawberry products were investigated. Electrical conductivity increased with temperature for all the products and conditions tested following linear relations. Electrical conductivity was found to depend on the strawberry-based product. An increase of electrical conductivity with field strength was obvi...

This paper investigates the topping-up scheme in health insurance when both public and private firms use linear contracts. First, the case with identical consumers is analyzed. The optimal public coverage is derived both when the firms play simultaneously and when they play sequentially. In the former case consumers are over-insured, whereas, in the latter case, the second-best allocation is ob...