Natural Resources Canada's Centre for Topographic Information has a significant collection of topographic data at the 1:50 000 scale. The extent of the Canadian landmass makes it very difficult to update these data on a continuing basis. Following production of national Landsat-7 orthoimages coverage produced in partnership with more than 20 Canadian organisations, a project for updating topogr...

Motor axons form topographic maps on muscles: rostral motor pools innervate rostral muscles, and rostral portions of motor pools innervate rostral fibers within their targets. Here, we implicate A subfamily ephrins in this topographic mapping. First, developing muscles express all five of the ephrin-A genes. Second, rostrally and caudally derived motor axons differ in sensitivity to outgrowth i...

Detailed examination of the topography and morphology of western Aphrodite Terra reveals numerous features that are similar to terrestrial divergent plate-boundary characteristics. Individual domains between fracturezone-like discontinuities contain a variety of bilaterally symmetrical topographic elements that suggest that topographic features have been created at rise crests, rifted and separ...

Abstract. Quantitative surface analysis through quadratic modelling of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) is a promising tool for automatically describing the physical environment in ecological studies of terrestrial landscapes. Fundamental topographic variables such as slope, aspect, plan and profile curvature can be simply calculated from the parameters of a conic equation fitted to a DEM window...

This paper presents the complete algorithm of site response analysis of nonhomogeneous topographic structures using transient two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM). Seismic behaviour of various topographic features including canyon, half plane, sedimentary filled valley and ridge sections, subjected to incident SV and P waves are analysed. The analysis shows the efficiency of the propos...

Recently, there has been an outburst of interest in extending topographic maps of vectorial data to more general data structures, such as sequences or trees. The representational capabilities and internal representations of the models are not well understood. We concentrate on a generalization of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) for processing sequential data – the Recursive SOM (RecSOM [1]). We a...

The structure of Bénard–Marangoni convection cells can be controlled by periodic topographic patterns on the heated surface that generates the convection. When the periodicity of the topographic pattern matches the intrinsic periodicity of the convection cells, a convective pattern is formed that is 1:1 commensurate with the topographic pattern. Arrays of hexagonal, square, and triangular conve...

[1] Changes in gravity due to volcanic loading of the crust are influenced by topography. We investigate the relative importance of topography and self-gravitation in the interpretation of gravity changes. It is shown that modeling of gravity changes can be more precise with the introduction of topographic relief, although it is neglected self-gravitation of the medium. This paper exploits this...

Maps serve as a ubiquitous organizing principle in the mammalian brain. In several sensory systems, such as audition, vision, and somatosensation, topographic maps are evident throughout multiple levels of brain pathways. Topographic maps, like retinotopy and tonotopy, persist from the receptor surface up to the cortex. Other maps, such as those of orientation preference in the visual cortex, a...

A potential application of self-organizing or topographic maps is clustering and visualization of high-dimensional data. It is well-known that an appropriate choice of the degree of smoothness in topographic maps is crucial for obtaining sensible results. Indeed, experimental evidence suggests that suitably monitored topographic maps should be preferred as they lead to more accurate performance...