Underwater sound propagation in the continental shelf is complicated due to many threedimensional (3-D) oceanographic and marine geologic features, such as shelfbreak fronts, nonlinear internal gravity waves and topographic variability. The long-term goals of this project are targeted on understanding the 3-D sound propagation effects caused by these environmental factors, and also on applying ...

A widespread loss of glacier area and volume has been observed in the European Alps since the 1980s. In addition to differences among various regions of the Alps, different responses to climate change characterize neighboring glaciers within the same region. In this study we describe the glacier changes in the Ortles-Cevedale group, the largest glacierized area in the Italian Alps. We analyze t...

With the rapid development of economy and electronic information industry, demand for electricity is getting higher. As a basic project, reasonable point layout power grid becoming more important. Topographic elements are key factors affecting layout. However, actual terrain complex changeable, so it urgent to quantify all kinds topographic provide reference Based on three-dimensional GIS techn...

Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can devastating; due mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim research identify map extent at impact flood intense rainfall rise in water study area using geospatial techniques specific objectives are carry out terrain analysis generate indicator maps area. analyzed...