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corneal transplantation is the most common and successful form of solid organ transplantation with a 2-year survival rate of over 90% in low risk cases. this high success rate may be due to the immune privileged status of the cornea, acaid (anterior chamber associated immune deviation) induction phenomena and secretion of inhibitory molecules by corneal cells such as il1-ra, il-1a and fas ligan...

the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of retinoic acid 0.05% with triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%, both in an oral base, in the treatment of atrophic and erosive oral lichen planus. thirty patients with clinically proven oral lichen planus were asked to participate in the study. the severity of lesions was scored from 0 (no lesion) to 5 (large erosion), and symptoms were scored ran...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of topical FTY720 and cyclosporin A (CsA) on allogeneic corneal transplantation in mice. METHODS A total of 75 BALB/c mice received corneal grafts from C57BL/6 donors. Recipients were treated with 0.1%, 0.3%, or 0.5% FTY720 ophthalmic gel or 1% CsA eye-drops after the graft (controls received no treatment). The number of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T c...

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition and one of the most common, potentially debilitating diseases with increasing incidence. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The complex etiology of AE with multiple systemic and local immunologic and inflammatory responses and interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental factors leading to d...

BACKGROUND There is limited information on the patterns of use, adherence rates, and factors that impact adherence with topical treatments for actinic keratosis (AK). OBJECTIVES To establish patterns of use and adherence with topical treatments for AK and to identify treatment-related factors that impact on adherence. METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional study was performed using a st...

Vitiligo is a common skin disorder affecting about 1 to 2% of the world population. The prevalence in Nepal is 2-3%. This disease is associated with profound psychological distress. Though many treatment options are available none of these are universally effective. The main objective of the study is to compare the efficacy and rate of repigmentation with use of topical steroid and topical plac...

Dear Sir, Intra-epithelial conjunctival neoplasia (ICN) is the most frequent malign tumor of the ocular surface. The classic treatment consisted in resection plus cryotherapy on the excision edges. Topical chemotherapy with Mitomycin C and Interferon (IFN) alfa-2b in eye drops has also proved its effectiveness in primary cases, relapses and combined with surgery. Mitomycin C is applied in cycle...

Introduction: Anal fissure is a common ailment of young age group, affecting males and females alike. Traditionally surgery has been the 1st line of treatment but recently the topical agents such as Glyceryl Trinitrate and Diltiazem are replacing the surgical treatment as preferred modality. Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the topical GTN and DTZ in terms of effectiveness,...