Bmp4 is a downstream gene of Msx1 in early mouse tooth development. In this study, we introduced the Msx1-Bmp4 transgenic allele to the Msx1 mutants in which tooth development is arrested at the bud stage in an effort of rescuing Msx1 mutant tooth phenotype in vivo. Ectopic expression of a Bmp4 transgene driven by the mouse Msx1promoter in the dental mesenchyme restored the expression of Lef-1 ...

This study evaluated the bonding characteristics to ground and unground enamel obtained with different strategies. For this purpose, 24 sound third-molars were bisected mesiodistally to obtain tooth halves. A flat enamel area was delimited in the tooth sections, which were randomly distributed into 8 groups (n=6), according to the enamel condition (ground and unground) and adhesive system (Adpe...

Currently electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) retrospective biodosimetry with tooth enamel can measure doses as low as 30 mGy. This method uses commercial X-band (9.5 GHz) EPR spectrometers and specially prepared samples from tooth enamel. One of the disadvantages of X-band EPR dosimetry is the requirement to obtain isolated teeth from a cohort of interest. In vivo EPR retrospective biodosime...

Plate I Photomicrographs of the human tooth germ. a. At the cap stage of development. The black punctate material is glycogen. b. At the bell stage of development. c. Undecalcified section illustrating the marked Schiff positivity of the odontoblast cytoplasm during dentinogenesis. d. Undecalcified section illustrating the distribution of alkaline phosphatase. Note the intense enzyme activity i...

Introduction: The biggest challenge that orthodontist face in the clinical practice is debonding of the brackets. The best way to avoid bond failure is to adhere strictly to the rules of good bonding. Aims and Objectives: Aims and objectives of the study were to measure shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets which were rebonded using different tooth surface reconditioning methods that are ...

OBJECTIVES Controversy exists regarding cavity preparation for restoration of interproximal caries in posterior teeth in terms of preserving the tooth structure and suitable stress distribution. This study aimed to assess the effect of extension and type of class II cavities and the remaining tooth structure in maxillary premolars restored with composite resin on the biomechanical properties of...

Dental fluorosis is a serious health problem caused by ingestion of fluoride in excess through water, food and air. Fluoride is a controversial trace element, on the one hand for its widely applied beneficial uses, especially in improving dental health and on the other hand for its toxic effects. Fluoride causes dental fluorosis by damaging the enamel-forming cells, called ameloblasts. The dama...

The enamel knot, a transient epithelial structure, appears at the onset of mammalian tooth shape development. Until now, the morphological, cellular and molecular events leading to the formation and disappearance of the enamel knot have not been described. Here we report that the cessation of cell proliferation in the enamel knot in mouse molar teeth is linked with the expression of the cyclin-...

Developmental disturbances that affect the secretion of enamel matrix can cause defective enamel structure. Linear hypoplasia is one type of enamel defect and manifests itself as a furrow that runs around the circumference of the tooth. Such defects range in size from the microscopic to those that are several millimetres wide. Enamel defects have been widely used by anthropologists for the inve...

BACKGROUND Enamel is the hardest and the stiffest tissue in the human body. The enamel undergoes multidirectional stresses, withstands multimillion chewing cycles, all while protecting the internal dentin and pulp from damage due to mechanical overload and exposure to the harsh chemical environment of the mouth. Raman spectroscopy allows to study enamel mineral content in a non-destructive and ...