BACKGROUND Resistance to anticancer agents is a major obstacle for successful chemotherapy in tongue squamous cancer. Sam68 is an oncogenic-related protein in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma functions as a signaling molecule mediating apoptosis, whose over-expression is associated with the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of patients. The present study was to examine the effe...

Purpose: To analyze the electric activity of suprahyoid muscles in eight different isometric exercises and to suggest the most appropriate exercise for data normalization. Methods: Twenty two female volunteers, ages between 19 and 38 years (Avg=24,1 and SD=3,8) participated of the study. At first, the participants underwent a clinical evaluation of the tongue. Electric activity of submental reg...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to measure and compare the maximal tongue strength and tongue strength used during swallowing in young and older adults. [Subjects and Methods] The study recruited 80 healthy young (aged 20 to 39 years) and older adults (aged ≥65 years) in public places. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument was used to measure maximal tongue strength and tongue strength used ...

Tongue specimens were collected from 18 healthy adult Egyptian geese (Alopochen aegyptiacus) of both sexes. We measured and analyzed the whole, anterior, middle and posterior length and width of the tongue parts. The dorsal mucosal surface of each tongue was investigated by SEM. The length of whole tongue, widths at anterior and middle ends of its root showed significant differences between sex...

The production of speech includes considerable variability in speech gestures despite our perception of very repeatable sounds. Variability is seen in vocal tract shapes and tongue contours when different speakers produce the same sound. This study asks whether internal tongue motion patterns for a specific sound are similar across subjects, or whether they indicate multiple gestures. There are...

Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important examinations in traditional Chinese medicine. Tongue images are often corrupted by various noises, but the subsequent diagnosis requires that the tongue images are clean, clear and noise-free. Thus, tongue image denoising is the vital preprocessing step in tongue diagnosis. A comparative study of tongue image denoising methods is given in this work,...

This paper presents three-dimensional tongue surfaces reconstructed from multiple coronal cross-sectional slices of the tongue. Surfaces were reconstructed for sustained vocalizations of the American English sounds [symbol: see text]. Electropalatography (EPG) data were also collected for the sounds to compare tongue surface shapes with tongue-palate contact patterns. The study was interested a...

Chameleons capture prey items using a ballistic tongue projection mechanism that is unique among lizards. During prey capture, the tongue can be projected up to two full body lengths and may extend up to 600 % of its resting length. Being ambush predators, chameleons eat infrequently and take relatively large prey. The extreme tongue elongation (sixfold) and the need to be able to retract fairl...

The tongue is a moveable mass of muscular tissue that is attached to the floor of the mouth (Fig. 1). The tongue is the organ of taste, aids in the mastication and swallowing of food as well as contributing to effective ventilation by keeping the pharyngeal airspace open to allow for the effective passage of air into the lungs. The respiratory function of the tongue can be compromised during sl...

Lingual propulsion during swallowing is characterized by the sequential elevation of the anterior, middle, and dorsal regions of the tongue. Although lingual discoordination underlies many swallowing disorders, the coordinative organization of lingual propulsion during the typical and disordered swallow is poorly understood. The purpose of this investigation was to quantitatively describe the c...