By adjusting the coating parameters to vary the refractive index of the thin film material, we are able to fine tune the bandwidth of a narrow bandpass filter to an arbitrary value. The relation between the varied index Deltan and the maximum arbitrary bandwidth was analyzed. A 4-skip-0 bandpass filter for a 100 GHz DWDM system was designed and fabricated. In addition, the relation between the ...

The paper investigates the formation of beliefs in multi-agent systems with a fixed topology of the communication channels. Specifically, it considers the relation “beliefs formed by agents in set A are not influenced by faulty or malicious behavior of agents in set B”. This relation has a non-trivial Shield Wall property that has no equivalent in other settings in which information flow over a...

The rough sets theory was meant as a tool for imprecise and inconsistent information systems. Incomplete information can be also considered as a particular case of imprecise information. Because the rough sets theory makes the assumption of completeness of all attributes of input vector, many modifications of this theory were developed describing how to use the incomplete data. This article pre...

Toxic effects of formaldehyde in humans are discussed in relation to occupational exposure and tolerance to this agent. Carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of formaldehyde have been reported in animals and this has led to concern about a possible role in human cancer. The current state of affairs is reviewed in the light of a lack of direct evidence linking formaldehyde with cancer in man and...

Lifelong treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes a phenylalanine (phe) restricted diet that provides sufficient phe for growth and maintenance plus phe-free amino acid formula to meet requirements for protein, energy and micronutrients. Phe tolerance (mg phe/kg body weight/day) is the amount of phe those with PKU can consume and maintain acceptable blood phe levels; it requires individual a...

Rough set is approximate representation of a crisp set. Rough set theory provides an approach to approximation of sets that leads to useful forms of granular computing. Several applications have revealed the need to extend the traditional rough set approach. A special place among various extensions is taken by the approach that replaces the relation based on equivalence with a tolerance relatio...

The statistical procedure for determination of the type of relation – equivalence or tolerance – in a finite set of elements, estimated on the basis of pairwise comparisons with random errors, is presented. The procedure consists of two tests based on Chebyshev’s inequality for variance of a random variable; the test statistic is a mixture of some random variables. An example of application of ...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether impaired glucose tolerance and raised Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations are associated in subjects with coronary artery disease. DESIGN Study of two subject populations, one with and one without symptomatic coronary artery disease. Case-control analysis of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance performed in each subject population ind...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the personality variables morningness, flexibility, languidity and hardiness could predict sleep-related shift work tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts, respectively. DESIGN Prospective study design with questionnaires administered in winter 2008/2009 (wave 1) and 2 years later in spring 2011 (wave 3). SETTING Di...