Timely availability of expert support to the farmers for appropriate decision-making on ‘whether and what pest management option is required’ is imperative for effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM). For several decades Economic Threshold Level (ETL) has been the basis for decision-making but in modern IPM emphasis is given on agro-ecological situation wherein IPM decisions are based on lar...

The objective of integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM) is to co-manage for control pollination goals. Departing from the well-established concept management, we include in a hierarchical decision support system actions. We depict this as an IPPM pyramid. Priority given proactive measures at base pyramid, which are undertaken through landscape crop field mobile organisms, primarily ar...

known about the individual components of pest management applied to the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in the Philippines is presented. This includes aspects relating to the pest, the agroecosystem, the plant, and preventive and curative control measures. Some successes have been obtained with a few of the components but many have not been tried in the field nor have there been sustaine...

Scientists and business managers often use strategic thinking in a superficial way. A strategic approach to IPM acts to co-ordinate and facilitate the actions of multidisciplines to understand and achieve the overall goal of the program. Strategic implementation should be flexible to adapt to changing environmental factors which range from the immediate crop regimes to socio-economic factors. U...