BACKGROUND Epicutaneous (EC) immunization offers a new method of a needle-free and self-administrable immunization by using a topically applied patch to deliver vaccine. We have previously shown that EC immunization with hapten-conjugated protein antigen TNP-Ig prior to hapten sensitization inhibits Th1-mediated contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice. Our further work showed that EC immunizatio...

INTRODUCTION Naïve and memory T cells can utilize unique regulatory pathways to promote protection but prevent self-reactivity. A bacterial superantigen SEB exploits unique TCR proximal signaling processes in memory CD4 T cells to induce clonal anergy. The aim of this study was to determine if SEB could antagonize memory CD4 T cells in vivo and whether there would be consequences on recall immu...

Signals from thymus-processed T cells are important in determining the quantities of various immunoglobul in (Ig) classes of ant ibody (Ab) 1 synthesized in response to antigen (1-6). We have recently reported that T cells can preferentially enhance the production of certain IgG isotypes, namely IgG2a, in the B cell response to the type 2 T-independent (TI-2) antigen, 2 trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Fic...

The role played by macrophages in two effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the immune system of the mouse-substitution for helper T cells and induction of B-cell mitosis-has been investigated. C3H/HeJ mice are unresponsive and do not produce (as other strains do) antibody to 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) conjugated with autologous mouse erythrocytes (MRBC-TNP) in the presence of LPS. We found th...

Experiments were carried out to test the validity of the hypothesis that postulated differences in the nature of the antigen receptors of primary and secondary B cells should be reflected in a greater specificity in primary B-cell stimulation (2). Enumeration of clonal precursors stimulated by either DNP-Hy, TNP-Hy, or a mixture of both antigens confirmed this hypothesis. Since the sum of prima...

The iron(III)tetraphenylporphyrin chloride Fe(III)TPPCl, iron(III)tetra-naphthylporphyrin Fe(III)TNPCl, ?-oxo-bis[tetraphenylporphyriniron(III)] [(Fe(III)TPP)2O], ?-oxo-bis[tetranaphthylporphyriniron(III)] [(Fe(III)TNP)2O], tin(IV)tetraphenylporphyrin Sn(IV)TPPCl2 and tin(IV)tetra-naphthylporphyrin Sn(IV)TNPCl2 complexes were all found to be adsorbed onto the montmorillonite MMT clay without de...

Cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous splenic lymphocytes has been recently reported in the mouse (1). Both the sensitization and effector phases of this phenomenon were shown to be T-cell mediated. Effector cell specificity studies indicated that modification of the target cells is a necessary but insufficient requirement for cytolysis, and suggested that ...

The present work describes the spectroscopic and photodynamics of two different Zr mixed-linkers MOFs (Zr-NDC/Tz and Zr-NDC/CN) and their interaction with nitroaromatics. Both MOFs exhibit comparable spectroscopic behaviours, with a broad emission band mainly due to the naphthalene excimers within their three-dimensional structure. Flash photolysis experiments show a slow radiative electron-hol...

The transformation of the strain DH5α (TM)-T1(R) with plasmid vector pET11a containing the cloned gene of bacterial selenophosphate synthetase (SPS), selD, from the E. coli BL21-Gold (DE3) strain gives an overproducing strain of SPS with one synonymic substitution, E197D. The transformation efficiency was estimated as 8 × 10(8) CFU/ μ g plasmid DNA. 28 mg of highly purified preparation of recom...

1. We have compared the antagonist activity of trinitrophenyl-ATP (TNP-ATP) and diinosine pentaphosphate (Ip(5)I) on recombinant P2X receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes with their actions at native P2X receptors in sensory neurones from dorsal root and nodose ganglia. 2. Slowly-desensitizing responses to alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-meATP) recorded from oocytes expressing P2X(2/3) re...