In our experiment, an interface between a viscous liquid and air is deformed by a sink flow of constant flow rate to form a sharp tip. Using a microscope, the interface shape is recorded down to a tip size of 1 microm. The curvature at the tip is controlled by the distance h between the tip and the sink. As a critical distance h*is approached, the curvature diverges like 1/(h-h*)3and the tip be...

The cell distribution and the tissue composition of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions were analyzed from seventeen biopsies of root-filled maxillary canines and incisors. The specimens, which included the root tip, the soft granulation tissue, and portions of the surrounding alveolar bone, were subjected to a stereologic analysis based on morphometric point-counting procedures. Plasma cel...

AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of the wearable smart glasses, PicoLinker, in guide wire insertion under fluoroscopic guidance. METHODS Under a fluoroscope, a surgeon inserted 3 mm guide wires into plastic femurs from the lateral cortex to the femoral head center while the surgeon did or did not wear PicoLinker, which are wearable smart glasses where the fluoroscopic video was displayed (1...

We present the results of atomistic simulations of metallic atomic-force-microscopy tips interacting with ionic substrates, with atomic resolution. Chromium and tungsten tips are used to image the NaCl(001) and MgO(001) surfaces. The interaction of the tips with the surface is simulated by using density-functional-theory calculations employing a mixed Gaussian and plane-wave basis and cluster-t...

Well-aligned b-phase W~100! nanorods having square-base pyramidal apexes were grown on oxidized Si~100! substrate using glancing angle deposition technique with substrate rotation. The field emission characteristics of nanorods were measured using scanning tunneling microscope ~STM! tip as an extraction anode. A highly confined emission current of about 23 mA was obtained at a low extraction vo...

We compare the results of ab initio calculations of the interaction of Si tips with the surfaces of CaCO3, MgO, and CaF2. The calculations were performed using the density functional theory and the SIESTA code. We used a conventional Si tip model with a dangling bond at the apex. The results demonstrate a considerable electron density redistribution between the tip and surface, which depends on...

OBJECTIVES Aim of the present study was to define the relationship between petrous apex pneumatization and the nearby major anatomical landmarks using temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS This retrospective, Institutional Review Board-approved study analyzed CT images of 84 patients that showed normal findings bilaterally. Pneumatization of the petrous apex was classified us...

Noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) is being increasingly used to measure the interaction force between an atomically sharp probe tip and surfaces of interest, as a function of the three spatial dimensions, with picometer and piconewton accuracy. Since the results of such measurements may be affected by piezo nonlinearities, thermal and electronic drift, tip asymmetries, and elastic def...

Growing hyphal tips of the oomycete Saprolegnia ferax possess a tip-high gradient of stretch-activated ion channels permeable to calcium. These mechanosensitive channels appear to play a direct role in the polarized tip growth process. Treatment of S. ferax hyphae with cytochalasin E leads to the disruption of plasmalemma-associated, peripheral cytoplasmic actin populations and altered morpholo...

the price of single point diamond tools with a sharp tip is very high due to complex machining process and highly expensive machining equipments. yet, the performance is not quite satisfactory. in this paper, we have presented a very simple and cost effective machining process for the sharpening and polishing of diamond stylus using low energy reactive ion beam machining (ribm). in our method, ...