In two-way time-of-arrival (TOA) systems, a user device (UD) obtains its position and timing information by round-trip communications to number of anchor nodes (ANs) at known locations. Compared with the one-way TOA technique, scheme is easy implement has higher localization synchronization accuracy. Existing methods assume stationary UD. This will cause uncompensated errors. this article, we p...

RECENT YEARS have seen rapidly increasing demand for services and systems that depend upon accurate positioning of people and objects. This has led to the development and evolution of numerous positioning systems. This chapter provides an overview of the main positioning techniques: time of arrival ( TOA ), direction of arrival ( DOA ), and received signal strength indicator ( RSSI ). It then i...

A mechanism for the positioning of mobile user location is presented in this paper. Based on the three-point problem from land surveying, this positioning mechanism makes use of network delay to estimate user locations by trigonometry and analytical geometry. Location-sensitive wireless services and applications can be provided without the need of obtaining access to the physical layer informat...

The time of arrival (TOA) trilateration is one the representative location detection technologies (LDT) that determines true a mobile station (MS) using unique intersection point three circles based on radii corresponding to distances between MS and base stations (BSs) center coordinates BSs. Since distance BS estimated by number delays, are generally increased they may not meet at single point...

The major challenges for Ultra-wide Band (UWB) indoor ranging systems are the dense multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) problems of the indoor environment. To precisely estimate the time of arrival (TOA) of the first path (FP) in such a poor environment, a novel approach of entropy-based TOA estimation and support vector machine (SVM) regression-based ranging error mitigation is proposed in ...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is highly distributed network of small, lightweight wireless nodes. It monitors the environment or system by measuring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. The existing presented Mobile sensor controller is used to measure the mobile target signal’s ti...

In this paper, the authors present a multiband time-of-arrival (TOA) positioning model and validate the performance in a practical dynamic spectrum access scenario according to results obtained from an ultra-high frequency (UHF) spectrum occupancy measurement campaign. The statistical analysis of the measured data shows a distinguishable difference between the unoccupied and occupied portion of...

Some mammals use sound signals for communications and navigation in the air (bats) or underwater (dolphins). Recent biological discovery shows that blind mole rat is capable of detecting and avoiding underground obstacles using reflection from seismic signals. Such a remarkable capacity relies on the ability to localize the source of the reflection with high accuracy and in very low Signal to N...

Abstract Timepix4 is a 24.7 × 30.0 mm 2 hybrid pixel detector readout ASIC which has been designed to permit tiling on 4 sides. It consists of 448 512 pixels can be bump bonded sensor with square at pitch 55 µm. Like its predecessor, Timepix3, it operate in data driven mode sending out information (Time Arrival, ToA and Time over Threshold, ToT) only when hit above pre-defined programmable thre...