Previous analysis of Drosophila circadian behavior under natural conditions has revealed a number of novel and unexpected features. Here we focus on the oscillations of per and tim mRNAs and their posttranscriptional regulation and observe significant differences in molecular cycling under laboratory and natural conditions. In particular, robust per mRNA cycling from fly heads is limited to the...

*Christoph Kleinschnitz,1 *Peter Kraft,1 Angela Dreykluft,1 Ina Hagedorn,2 Kerstin Göbel,3 Michael K. Schuhmann,3 Friederike Langhauser,1 Xavier Helluy,4 Tobias Schwarz,1 Stefan Bittner,3 Christian T. Mayer,5 Marc Brede,6 Csanad Varallyay,7 Mirko Pham,8 Martin Bendszus,8 Peter Jakob,4 Tim Magnus,9 Sven G. Meuth,3,10 Yoichiro Iwakura,11 Alma Zernecke,2 Tim Sparwasser,5 Bernhard Nieswandt,2 Guido...

The circadian rhythm genes period (per) and timeless (tim) are central to contemporary studies on Drosophila circadian rhythms. Mutations in these genes give rise to arrhythmic or period-altered phenotypes, and per and tim gene expression is under clock control. per and tim proteins (PER and TIM) also undergo circadian changes in level and phosphorylation state. The authors previously described...

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway, present in almost all organisms, that produces energy. The pathway has been extensively investigated by biochemists. There is a significant body of structural and biochemical information about this pathway. The complete pathway is a ten step process. At each step, a specific chemical reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Fructose bisphosphate ald...

Cancer-induced immunosuppression significantly impacts tumors, rendering them the ability to acquire aggressive and treatment-resistant phenotypes. The recent clinical success of drugs targeting the immunosuppressive machinery of tumors highlights the importance of identifying novel drugs that effectively augment antitumor immunity and elicit clinical remission in advanced tumors. T cell immuno...

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint target under investigation in immuno-oncology (IO) trials. Blockade of T-cell-Tim-3 enhances antitumor immunity. Here, we identify additional role for Tim-3 as a growth-suppressive receptor intrinsic to melanoma cells. Inhibition melanoma-Tim-3 by RNA interference promotes, while melanoma-specific overexpression attenuates...

Traceability usage within different projects is as manifold as the domains in which traceability is applied. A traceability information model (TIM) describes the traceability for a project. A basic TIM consists of at least two types of artifacts and a traceability relation between these artifacts [3]. One of the open traceability challenges is the traceability adaptation during usage [1]. The T...

Introduction The immunoregulatory protein T cell immunoglobulinand mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) contributes towards T cell exhaustion in several chronic diseases, including melanoma [1]. NK cells from the latter were shown to be functionally impaired/exhausted, as they failed to proliferate, produce cytokines or kill target cells. In addition they down regulated activating recepto...

Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) modulates antiviral immunity via T cells, but whether these cells are active or abundant in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the temporal shifting T-cell population and their subsets, T-Helper (Th) cell (CD4) T-Cytotoxic (Tc) (CD8) COVID-19 patients. Method: Thirty co...

Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and T cell Ig and mucin domain-3 protein (Tim-3) are two immune checkpoint receptors (ICR) highly co-expressed on tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL). PD-1 has been shown to inhibit T cell activation and type 1 T cell responses, while Tim-3 has been proposed as a further marker of exhaustion on TIL [1,2], leading us to investigate the phenotypic and functional chara...