BACKGROUND Bone wax is traditionally used as part of surgical procedures to prevent bleeding from exposed spongy bone. It is an effective hemostatic device which creates a physical barrier. Unfortunately it interferes with subsequent bone healing and increases the risk of infection in experimental studies. Recently, a water-soluble, synthetic, hemostatic compound (Ostene®) was introduced to ser...

This article describes a procedure to generate functional path occlusion for ceramometal restorations. With this procedure, the metal framework is formed conventionally, full contour inlay wax is added to the metal framework, and the patient carves functional paths into the wax. These paths are registered with a stone matrix that the ceramist uses as a guide. Advantages over conventional techni...

This article describes the fabrication of a screw-retained, implant-supported wax pattern that enables the restorative dentist to predict the outcome of the final prosthesis. The wax pattern also affords the patient an opportunity to evaluate and approve the design of the planned prosthesis, thereby enhancing communication between the dentist and patient.

This article presents the development of an autonomous motion planning algorithm for a soft planar grasping manipulator capable of grasp-and-place operations by encapsulation with uncertainty in the position and shape of the object. The end effector of the soft manipulator is fabricated in one piece without weakening seams using lost-wax casting instead of the commonly used multilayer laminatio...

The physical treatment most frequently used for the hands in rheumatoid arthritis is the local paraffinwax bath. It was first described by Humphris (1919) and since then has been in general use. The standard textbooks of physical medicine and rheumatology refer to wax baths as being of value, but we have been unable to find any critical attempt to assess this. It is unusual for a patient with r...

Composite edible coatings were formulated with candelilla wax alone, and candelilla wax blended with beeswax, white mineral oil and oleic acid (2:1 ratios) as the lipid phase, and mesquite gum as the structural material and their corrected water vapor permeability (WVPc) were determined. The coatings were applied to Persian limes and their effect upon physiological weight loss, color and chemic...

Epicuticular waxes influence leaf reflectance, but the spatiotemporal dynamics in their reflectance properties have not been properly characterized, and its consequences remain unknown. In this study, we analysed the seasonal changes in wax reflectance of Scots pine needles. It tended to decrease with needle age and towards lower positions within the canopy. In addition, we also identified a cl...

A study has been carried out to determine the effect of coating two commercial glass-ionomer cements in either petroleum jelly or wax. After coating, specimens were stored in water for 24 or 168 hours, then the coating removed and the surface examined. Coating in wax was found to increase the surface hardness significantly compared with the uncoated control, whereas coating the specimens in pet...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective treatment parameters for laser-assisted hair removal using a Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. DESIGN Prospective study to determine the effectiveness of Q-switched ND:YAG laser-assisted hair removal under varying pretreatment protocols. Hair growth was assessed after laser treatment, and the results were compared with those...

This paper introduces novel vacuum/compression valves (VCVs) utilizing paraffin wax. A VCV is implemented by sealing the venting channel/hole with wax plugs (for normally-closed valve), or to be sealed by wax (for normally-open valve), and is activated by localized heating on the CD surface. We demonstrate that the VCV provides the advantages of avoiding unnecessary heating of the sample/reagen...