Methods The patient was a 56-year old Caucasian woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis since 1995. She was subsequently diagnosed with Sjoegren’s syndrome and autoimmune thyroiditis. In 2009, the patient had a skin rash which disappeared after corticosteroid treatment. In January 2012 a routine chest X-ray detected a pleural effusion, that was treated by various cycles of antibiotics and cor...

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, or thyroid eye disease (TED), is a complex inflammatory disorder of the eye that, as its name implies, is usually associated with thyroid disease. Clinical observation supports the existence of three main TED subtypes, namely ocular myopathy, congestive myopathy, and mixed congestive and myopathic ophthalmopathy. Although the precise pathophysiology of TED rem...

Rheumatoid arthritis can be a very mutilating disease and, as a result, the likelihood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis requiring surgery and anaesthesia is increased. D-penicillamine (D-Pen) has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Wilson's disease since the early 1960s. Its true mode of action is unknown, but it appears to modify the immune response. Treatment with D-Pe...

Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membrane. Antiphospholipid antibodies are a group of autoantibodies found in patients with autoimmune diseases. Due to the risk for thrombotic events in autoimmune diseases, we decided to evaluate the correlation between pemphigus vulgaris and predictive elements of atherothrombosis including antiphospho...

Background Inflammation of the orbital connective tissue, extraocular muscles and upper eyelids occurs in about 40% of patients with Graves hyperthyroidism [Graves Ophthalmopathy (GO)] while mild eye signs including upper eyelid retraction are found in as many as 25% of patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and, occasionally, transient thyroiditis. Some workers have proposed a relationship betwee...

Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare pathology characterized by necrotic-inflammatory hepatocyte lesions, the presence of autoantibodies, and high sensitivity to corticosteroid treatment. it often associated with other autoimmune diseases. Objectives Our objective was study clinical aspects, auto-immune diseases, response treatment AIH. Methods We conducted retrospective including co...

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development, growth and energy metabolism [1]. During early pregnancy, the foetus is entirely dependent on maternal thyroid hormones and in the second and third trimesters, maternal thyroid hormones continue to provide sufficient thyroid hormones until birth [2,3]. Maternal thyroid disease is common during pregnancy with hyperthyroidism during pre...