Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone or its effects on peripheral tissues. It usually is caused by an insufficient production of thyroid hormone by thyroid gland (primary hypothyroidism), but it could be also caused by inadequate secretion of either thyrotropin (ie. thyroid-stimulating hormoneTSH) from the pituitary gland (secondary hypothyr...

PURPOSE To relate the development of post-treatment hypothyroidism with the dose distribution within the thyroid gland in breast cancer (BC) patients treated with loco-regional radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS In two groups of BC patients postoperatively irradiated by computer tomography (CT)-based RT, the individual dose distributions in the thyroid gland were compared with each othe...

Thyroxine in the thyroid gland is considered to be firmly built into the protein molecule, thyroglobulin (1). Only after the gland is hydrolyzed with fairly strong alkali does its thyroxine become readily extractable with butyl alcohol. The iodine which circulates in plasma, on the other hand, can be almost completely extracted with butyl alcohol without previous hydrolysis (2). Considerable ev...

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a common clinical problem involving 1% of population. It is associated with many autoimmune disorders. One of the most common associations is autoimmune thyroid disease. So it seems necessary to examine the patients with alopecia areata more exactly. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with alopecia areata. Mate...

INTRODUCTION Schwannomas are benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves originating in the Schwann cells which occur in the head and neck region only in 25% of cases. Primary non epithelial tumours of the thyroid gland are rare. Schwannoma of the thyroid is extremely rare. Only 19 cases have been described in English literature [1-6]. A case of schwannoma of thyroid gland which simulated a thyro...

ectopic thyroid tissue results from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland. true malignant transformation in ectopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare and is always diagnosed after surgical excision of the lesion by pathology examinations. there are well-documented cases of ectopic thyroid cancer while primary tumoral lesion occurs in the orthotopic thyroid, but only...

We show here that a zebrafish orthologue of the Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1), nk2.1a, is expressed in the developing thyroid gland. Using a fate mapping approach we found that an early nk2.1a expression domain in the endoderm adjacent to the heart follows morphogenetic movements of the lower jaw, ending up in the region in which the mature thyroid gland is located. We therefore sugges...

large median endodermal anlage and two lateral anlages (1). Commonly, the median anlage fails to descend, resulting in a lingual thyroid gland. In rare cases, failure of the lateral anlage to fuse with the median anlage produces a lateral ectopic thyroid gland (2). There are a number of case reports of papillary thyroid carcinomas in ectopic thyroid tissue, but there are only a few cases of pri...