In epistemological studies, two main interpretations of probabilities are the frequentist and the Bayesian. In this paper we first show that both interpretations are present in French Secondary schools, albeit the official curriculum only supports the frequentist approach. We then suggest a possible teaching situation to introduce teachers and students to the subjective-objective duality with s...

Probabilistic Logic Networks (PLN), a comprehensive framework for uncertain inference currently in use in the OpenCog and Novamente Cognition Engine AGI software architectures, has previously been described in terms of the “experiential semantics” of an intelligent agent embodied in a world. However, several aspects of PLN are more easily interpreted and formulated in terms of “possible worlds ...

Selected recent data from collider experiments pertaining to the understanding of QCD at low Bjorken-x are reviewed. The status of QCD and Regge factorisation in hard diffractive interactions is discussed in terms of data from HERA and the Tevatron. The possibility of anomalous behaviour in the γγ total cross section is confronted with the most recent measurements from LEP. Data from all three ...

Abstract We investigate how disagreement in natural language inference (NLI) annotation arises. developed a taxonomy of sources with 10 categories spanning 3 high- level classes. found that some disagreements are due to uncertainty the sentence meaning, others annotator biases and task artifacts, leading different interpretations label distribution. explore two modeling approaches for detecting...

three threidiid spiders of the genus latrodectus occur in khorasan province: l.tredecimguttatus, l.pallidus, l.dahli. the three are described, their diagnostic features are illustrated, and taxonomic notes are given where possible. spider bites are very common in these regions, so, further notes about the medical importance of these species are given. a dichotomic key to the species of the genu...

conclusions both eps and er residents either missed or falsely called a significant number of pathologies in their interpretations. the interpretations of eps and er residents were more sensitive and more specific, respectively. these findings revealed the need for increased training time in head ct reading for residents and the necessity of attending continuing medical education workshops for ...