This article discusses a proposal for reform in thinking, grounded on Heisenberg’s principle of uncertanty, Chew’s bootstrap theory and Bohm’s implicated order. By synthetizing all three grounds together, it is concluded that thought ought to be turned the uncertainty phenomena. Behind lies an order, which mantains interactive pattern with onself, others world.

The transmembrane subunits of viral envelope proteins are thought to perform all of the functions required for membrane fusion during entry of enveloped viruses. However, changes in a conserved SPHQ motif near the N terminus of the receptor binding subunit of a murine leukemia virus (MLV) envelope protein block infection and induction of cell-cell fusion but not receptor binding. Here we report...

Cell fusion into multinucleated giant cells (MGC) is an essential process that contributes to many important biological mechanisms in mammalians. In the bone and immune system, macrophages are endowed with a remarkable potential for cell fusion events as evidenced by their propensity to fuse with other cells and between themselves during both normal processes and disease. Macrophage fusion is c...

Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) inhibit infection of diverse enveloped viruses, including the influenza A virus (IAV) which is thought to enter from late endosomes. Recent evidence suggests that IFITMs block virus hemifusion (lipid mixing in the absence of viral content release) by altering the properties of cell membranes. Consistent with this mechanism, excess cholesterol i...

The objective of research in thermonuclear fusion is to find an environmentally attractive technology for the production of electrical energy that is both universally available and economically competitive. The method of containing the hot, dense plasma known as Inertially Confined Fusion Energy (IFE) uses small targets containing the deuterium and tritium isotopes of hydrogen which are implosi...

Membrane fusion in the secretory pathway is mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins. Different fusion steps are thought to be effected by independent sets of SNAREs, but it is unclear whether specificity is determined by an intrinsic specificity of SNARE pairing or by upstream factors. Using a newly developed microscopy-based assay, we have inv...