In this work, we analyze the thermodynamics and geometric optimization of thermoelectric elements in a hybrid two-stage thermoelectric micro cooler (TEMC). We propose a novel procedure to improve the performance of the micro cooler based on optimum geometric parameters, cross sectional area (A) and length (L), of the semiconductor elements. Our analysis takes into account the Thomson effect to ...

Purpose – Although the role of enterprise in R&D is broadly acknowledged, few attempts have been made to gather data for analyzing the nature and scope of private sector collaboration. This study aims to deliver empirical results based on quantitative data to gain insight into the role of private enterprise as an indispensable actor in scientific development and innovation. Design/methodology/a...

The COMPASS tokamak, originally from UKAEA, Culham laboratory, U.K., will be reinstalled at Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague. The scientific programme is focused mainly on the investigation of the edge plasma region with high temperature and density gradients called pedestal. Many innovations will be done and new diagnostics have to be constructed. One of the key diagnostics is an incoherent...

When a black hole is enclosed in cavity asymptotically flat space, an effective volume can be introduced, and pressure further defined as its conjugate variable. By this means, extended phase space constructed cavity, which resembles that the anti-de Sitter (AdS) many aspects. However, there are still some notable dissimilarities simultaneously. In work, Joule--Thomson (JT) effect of holes, wid...

Laser Thomson scattering (LTS) is an established plasma diagnostic technique that has seen recent application to low density plasmas. It is difficult to perform LTS measurements when the scattered signal is weak as a result of low electron number density, poor optical access to the plasma, or both. Photon counting methods are often implemented in order to perform measurements in these low signa...

The temperature separation effects of vortex tubes have been widely studied in open systems, using mainly air or N2as the working fluid. When a tube is employed closed thermal system, more fluid choices, such as refrigerants, could be considered. Different to air, refrigerants quite varied thermal-physical properties, and research properties? influence on effect rather limited. Based CFD simula...

Abstract The cross second virial coefficient $$B_{12}$$ B 12 for the interaction between water (H 2 O) and carbon monoxide (CO) was obtained with low uncertainty at temperatures from 200 K to 2000 employing a new intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) H O–CO syst...