The Proto-Tethys Ocean played an important role in the formation and evolution of East Asian continental blocks, final closure may have led to first assembly nearly all blocks at northern margin Gondwana. However, controversy remains about reconstruction Tibetan Plateau is located Gondwana recorded entire tectonic from rift drift subduction collision during early Paleozoic. Therefore, it region...

The spreading of the East Vietnam Sea (EVS, also known as Bien Dong, or South China Sea), leading to occurrence syn-spreading (33-16 Ma) and post-spreading (< 16 present) volcanism. Syn-spreading magma making up thick layers tholeiitic basalt with a geochemical composition close refractory depleted mid-ocean ridge (MORB) is mainly distributed inside EVS basin. widely basin extended SE China,...

Introduction: Chemical interactions between Venus’ atmosphere and surface rocks may be crucial to understanding the atmosphere’s composition [1-3], and to interpreting surface geology and physical properties [2,4,5]. Most studies have emphasized the atmosphere – its composition and ‘chemical sediments,’ and few have focused on what happens to basalts and their minerals in reaction with the atmo...

metagabbro, metadiabase and metabasalt of the chah palang and me'raji mountains associated with lower paleozoic metamorphites are situated in the south of arousan. metabasites of these areas are relatively similar in terms of mineralogy and geochemical characteristics. rock-forming minerals of the me'raji metabasites are feldspar, amphibole, biotite, sphene, epidote, chlorite ± calcite. metagab...

A two-dimensional, one by two-kilometer section through the seafloor was simulated with a numerical model to investigate coupled fluid and heat flow resulting from basalt intrusions in a buried spreading center. Boundary and initial conditions and physical propertie s of both sediments and basalt were constrained by field surveys and drilling in the Guaymas Basin, central Gulf of California. Pa...

Flood basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group commonly exhibit well-developed colonnade and entablature structures formed during cooling of individual flows. The colonnade refers to the well-defined columnar structure of many flows, which appears in the lowermost 10% to 30% and, in places, the uppermost 10% to 20%. Entablature refers to those parts of a flow that have smaller column dia...

Introduction: Data from the MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) has shown that surface type 1 (ST1) materials, interpreted as basalt, dominate the ancient crust in the southern highlands of Mars [1]. Large expanses of surface type 2 (ST2) materials in the northern lowlands have been variously interpreted as andesite [1, 2], oxidized crystalline basalt [3], or partly weathered basalt [4]. Th...

Harrat Lunayyir is a basaltic volcanic field in NW Saudi Arabia. Lava flows are basaltic to basanitic in composition, and the Holocene flows are alkali olivine basalts. The volcanic field contains about 50 cones that were constructed on Precambrian crystalline rocks along an N-S axis. The dominantly basaltic lavas of Harrat Lunayyir have been divided based on their erosion characteristics into ...